Kaiyu Pan1, Rongliang Tu2, Xiaocong Yao3, Zhongxin Zhu4,5. 1. Department of Paediatrics, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang, China. 2. Department of Paediatrics, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang, China. 3. Department of Osteoporosis Care and Control, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang, China. 4. Department of Osteoporosis Care and Control, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang, China. orthozzx@163.com. 5. Clinical Research Center, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang, China. orthozzx@163.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS: It is important to improve our understanding of the roles of calcium and vitamin D in bone health for preventing osteoporosis. We aimed at exploring the associations between serum calcium, vitamin D level, and bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescents included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2006. METHODS: Weighted multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate the associations of serum calcium, 25(OH)D level with total BMD. Smooth curve fitting was used to explore the potential non-linear relationship. RESULTS: A total of 5990 individuals aged between 12 and 19 years were included in this study. The fully-adjusted model showed serum calcium positively correlated with total BMD. However, an inverted U-shaped relationship was found when we performed the smooth curve fitting method, and the inflection point was calculated at 9.6 mg/dL using the two-piecewise linear regression model. In contrast, there was a positive correlation between serum 25(OH)D and total BMD after adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed a positive correlation between serum 25(OH)D level and total BMD, and an inverted U-shaped relationship between serum calcium and total BMD.
BACKGROUNDS: It is important to improve our understanding of the roles of calcium and vitamin D in bone health for preventing osteoporosis. We aimed at exploring the associations between serum calcium, vitamin D level, and bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescents included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2006. METHODS: Weighted multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate the associations of serum calcium, 25(OH)D level with total BMD. Smooth curve fitting was used to explore the potential non-linear relationship. RESULTS: A total of 5990 individuals aged between 12 and 19 years were included in this study. The fully-adjusted model showed serum calcium positively correlated with total BMD. However, an inverted U-shaped relationship was found when we performed the smooth curve fitting method, and the inflection point was calculated at 9.6 mg/dL using the two-piecewise linear regression model. In contrast, there was a positive correlation between serum 25(OH)D and total BMD after adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed a positive correlation between serum 25(OH)D level and total BMD, and an inverted U-shaped relationship between serum calcium and total BMD.
Entities:
Keywords:
Adolescent; Bone health; Calcium; NHANES; Vitamin D
Authors: Michael I McBurney; Jeffrey B Blumberg; Rebecca B Costello; Manfred Eggersdorfer; John W Erdman; William S Harris; Elizabeth J Johnson; Susan Hazels Mitmesser; Robert C Post; Deshanie Rai; Leon J Schurgers Journal: Nutrients Date: 2021-05-28 Impact factor: 5.717