George S Vlachos1, Mary H Kosmidis2, Mary Yannakoulia3, Efthimios Dardiotis4, Georgios Hadjigeorgiou4,5, Ioanna Tzoulaki6,7, Andrea N Georgiou6, Paraskevi Sakka8, Costas A Anastasiou3, Leonidas Stefanis9,10, Nikolaos Scarmeas9,11. 1. 1st Department of Neurology, Aeginition University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 72 Vassilissis Sophias Avenue, 11528, Athens, Greece. gvlachos@neuromed.gr. 2. Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. 3. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece. 4. School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece. 5. Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus. 6. Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece. 7. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK. 8. Athens Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Maroussi, Greece. 9. 1st Department of Neurology, Aeginition University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 72 Vassilissis Sophias Avenue, 11528, Athens, Greece. 10. Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece. 11. The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There are no published data on Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) incidence in people over 65 years of age in Greece, relevant literature is scarce for Southern Europe, and reported rates worldwide show great variability. AIMS: To investigate the incidence and risk factors of MCI and its subtypes in the elderly population in Greece. METHODS: The incidence cohort of the HELIAD study (Hellenic Epidemiological Longitudinal Investigation of Aging and Diet) comprised 955 individuals who received full neurological and neuropsychological evaluation on two separate occasions about three years apart. RESULTS: The MCI incidence rate in our cohort is 54.07 new cases per 1000 person-years, standardized by age and sex to 59.99. Each additional year of age over 65 raises the probability of novel MCI by 6.2%, while lower educational attainment more than doubles the risk for incident MCI. Apolipoprotein E-ε4 (APOE-ε4) carriage results in increased risk for MCI by more than 1.7 times. Incidence rates for amnestic MCI are slightly higher than for the non-amnestic subtype, and AD is the most common potential underlying etiology. DISCUSSION: The MCI incidence rate in the Greek population over 65 years of age is 54/1000 person-years. Advanced age and APOE-ε4 carriage are predisposing factors, while higher educational attainment was found to exert a protective effect. CONCLUSIONS: MCI incidence in people over 65 years-old in Greece is consistent with reported rates around the world. Larger studies encompassing neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers will hopefully shed more light on MCI epidemiology in Greece in the future.
BACKGROUND: There are no published data on Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) incidence in people over 65 years of age in Greece, relevant literature is scarce for Southern Europe, and reported rates worldwide show great variability. AIMS: To investigate the incidence and risk factors of MCI and its subtypes in the elderly population in Greece. METHODS: The incidence cohort of the HELIAD study (Hellenic Epidemiological Longitudinal Investigation of Aging and Diet) comprised 955 individuals who received full neurological and neuropsychological evaluation on two separate occasions about three years apart. RESULTS: The MCI incidence rate in our cohort is 54.07 new cases per 1000 person-years, standardized by age and sex to 59.99. Each additional year of age over 65 raises the probability of novel MCI by 6.2%, while lower educational attainment more than doubles the risk for incident MCI. Apolipoprotein E-ε4 (APOE-ε4) carriage results in increased risk for MCI by more than 1.7 times. Incidence rates for amnestic MCI are slightly higher than for the non-amnestic subtype, and AD is the most common potential underlying etiology. DISCUSSION: The MCI incidence rate in the Greek population over 65 years of age is 54/1000 person-years. Advanced age and APOE-ε4 carriage are predisposing factors, while higher educational attainment was found to exert a protective effect. CONCLUSIONS: MCI incidence in people over 65 years-old in Greece is consistent with reported rates around the world. Larger studies encompassing neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers will hopefully shed more light on MCI epidemiology in Greece in the future.
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