Yan Deng1, Dan Yang1, Jia Ming Yu2, Jing Xian Xu2, Hui Hua1, Ren Tong Chen1, Nan Wang1, Feng Rong Ou3, Ru Xi Liu4, Bo Wu5, Yang Liu1. 1. Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China. 2. Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning, China. 3. Academic Affairs Office, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China. 4. Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China. 5. Department of Anal and Rectal Diseases, First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of socioeconomic status with the burden of cataract blindness in terms of year lived with disability (YLD) rates and to determine whether ultraviolet radiation (UVR) levels modify the effect of socioeconomic status on this health burden. METHODS: National and subnational age-standardized YLD rates associated with cataract-related blindness were derived from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2017. The human development index (HDI) from the Human Development Report was used as a measure of socioeconomic status. Estimated ground-level UVR exposure was obtained from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) dataset of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). RESULTS: Across 185 countries, socioeconomic status was inversely associated with the burden of cataract blindness. Countries with a very high HDI had an 84% lower age-standardized YLD rate [95% confidence interval ( CI): 60%-93%, P < 0.001] than countries with a low HDI; for high-HDI countries, the proportion was 76% (95% CI: 53%-88%, P < 0.001), and for medium-HDI countries, the proportion was 48% (95% CI: 15%-68%, P = 0.010; P for trend < 0.001). The interaction analysis showed that UVR exposure played an interactive role in the association between socioeconomic status and cataract blindness burden ( P value for interaction = 0.047). CONCLUSION: Long-term high-UVR exposure amplifies the association of poor socioeconomic status with the burden of cataract-related blindness. The findings emphasize the need for strengthening UVR exposure protection interventions in developing countries with high-UVR exposure.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of socioeconomic status with the burden of cataract blindness in terms of year lived with disability (YLD) rates and to determine whether ultraviolet radiation (UVR) levels modify the effect of socioeconomic status on this health burden. METHODS: National and subnational age-standardized YLD rates associated with cataract-related blindness were derived from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2017. The human development index (HDI) from the Human Development Report was used as a measure of socioeconomic status. Estimated ground-level UVR exposure was obtained from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) dataset of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). RESULTS: Across 185 countries, socioeconomic status was inversely associated with the burden of cataract blindness. Countries with a very high HDI had an 84% lower age-standardized YLD rate [95% confidence interval ( CI): 60%-93%, P < 0.001] than countries with a low HDI; for high-HDI countries, the proportion was 76% (95% CI: 53%-88%, P < 0.001), and for medium-HDI countries, the proportion was 48% (95% CI: 15%-68%, P = 0.010; P for trend < 0.001). The interaction analysis showed that UVR exposure played an interactive role in the association between socioeconomic status and cataract blindness burden ( P value for interaction = 0.047). CONCLUSION: Long-term high-UVR exposure amplifies the association of poor socioeconomic status with the burden of cataract-related blindness. The findings emphasize the need for strengthening UVR exposure protection interventions in developing countries with high-UVR exposure.
Authors: Laura Gutierrez; Jane Sujuan Lim; Li Lian Foo; Wei Yan Ng; Michelle Yip; Gilbert Yong San Lim; Melissa Hsing Yi Wong; Allan Fong; Mohamad Rosman; Jodhbir Singth Mehta; Haotian Lin; Darren Shu Jeng Ting; Daniel Shu Wei Ting Journal: Eye Vis (Lond) Date: 2022-01-07