Shuo Liu1, Youn-Hee Lim1, Marie Pedersen2, Jeanette T Jørgensen1, Heresh Amini3, Thomas Cole-Hunter4, Amar J Mehta5, Rina So1, Laust H Mortensen5, Rudi G J Westendorp6, Steffen Loft1, Elvira V Bräuner7, Matthias Ketzel8, Ole Hertel9, Jørgen Brandt10, Steen S Jensen9, Jesper H Christensen9, Torben Sigsgaard11, Camilla Geels9, Lise M Frohn9, Maja Brborić12, Jelena Radonić12, Maja Turk Sekulic12, Klaus Bønnelykke13, Claus Backalarz14, Mette K Simonsen15, Zorana J Andersen16. 1. Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 2. Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 3. Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. 4. Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research (CAR), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. 5. Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Statistics Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark. 6. Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 7. Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. 8. Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, United Kingdom. 9. Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark. 10. Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; iClimate, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark. 11. Department of Public Health, Environment Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. 12. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Novi Sad, Serbia. 13. COPSAC (Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 14. DELTA Acoustics, Hørsholm, Denmark. 15. Diakonissestiftelsen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. 16. Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: zorana.andersen@sund.ku.dk.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ambient air pollution is likely a risk factor for asthma, and recent evidence suggests the possible relevance of road traffic noise. OBJECTIVES: We examined the associations of long-term exposure to air pollution and road traffic noise with adult-asthma incidence. METHODS: We followed 28,731 female nurses (age > 44 years) from the Danish Nurse Cohort, recruited in 1993 and 1999, for first hospital contact for asthma from 1977 until 2015. We estimated residential annual mean concentrations of particulate matter with diameter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5) since 1990 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) since 1970 with the Danish DEHM/UBM/AirGIS modeling system, and road traffic noise (Lden) since 1970 with the Nord2000 model. Time-varying Cox regression models were used to associate air pollution and road traffic noise exposure with asthma incidence. RESULTS: During 18.6 years' mean follow-up, 528 out of 23,093 participants had hospital contact for asthma. The hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals for asthma incidence associated with 3-year moving average exposures were 1.29 (1.03, 1.61) per 6.3 µg/m3 for PM2.5, 1.16 (1.07, 1.27) per 8.2 µg/m3 for NO2, and 1.12 (1.00, 1.25) per 10 dB for Lden. The HR for NO2 remained unchanged after adjustment for either PM2.5 or Lden, while the HRs for PM2.5 and Lden attenuated to unity after adjustment for NO2. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term exposure to air pollution was associated with adult-asthma incidence independently of road traffic noise, with NO2 most relevant. Road traffic noise was not independently associated with adult-asthma incidence.
BACKGROUND: Ambient air pollution is likely a risk factor for asthma, and recent evidence suggests the possible relevance of road traffic noise. OBJECTIVES: We examined the associations of long-term exposure to air pollution and road traffic noise with adult-asthma incidence. METHODS: We followed 28,731 female nurses (age > 44 years) from the Danish Nurse Cohort, recruited in 1993 and 1999, for first hospital contact for asthma from 1977 until 2015. We estimated residential annual mean concentrations of particulate matter with diameter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5) since 1990 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) since 1970 with the Danish DEHM/UBM/AirGIS modeling system, and road traffic noise (Lden) since 1970 with the Nord2000 model. Time-varying Cox regression models were used to associate air pollution and road traffic noise exposure with asthma incidence. RESULTS: During 18.6 years' mean follow-up, 528 out of 23,093 participants had hospital contact for asthma. The hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals for asthma incidence associated with 3-year moving average exposures were 1.29 (1.03, 1.61) per 6.3 µg/m3 for PM2.5, 1.16 (1.07, 1.27) per 8.2 µg/m3 for NO2, and 1.12 (1.00, 1.25) per 10 dB for Lden. The HR for NO2 remained unchanged after adjustment for either PM2.5 or Lden, while the HRs for PM2.5 and Lden attenuated to unity after adjustment for NO2. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term exposure to air pollution was associated with adult-asthma incidence independently of road traffic noise, with NO2 most relevant. Road traffic noise was not independently associated with adult-asthma incidence.
Authors: Md Mostafizur Rahman; Farah Tasnim; Masrur Abdul Quader; Md Nafee-Ul-Islam Bhuiyan; Mohammed Sadman Sakib; Rawnok Tabassum; Ifta Alam Shobuj; Lamia Hasan; Musabber Ali Chisty; Farzana Rahman; Edris Alam; Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-02-19 Impact factor: 3.390