Nickolas Stabellini1,2, Halle Krebs3, Nirav Patil1,4,5,6, Kristin Waite1,4,7, Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan1,4,5,7,8,6. 1. Department of Population Health and Quantitative Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States. 2. Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. 3. The Ohio State University, Department of Biology, Columbus, OH, United States. 4. Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS), Hinsdale, IL, United States. 5. Research and Education Institute, University Health System, Cleveland, OH, United States. 6. Research Health Analytics and Informatics, University Hospitals Health System, Cleveland, OH, United States. 7. Cleveland Center for Health Outcomes Research (CCHOR), Cleveland, OH, United States. 8. Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Gliomas are the most common type of primary malignant brain tumor in adults, representing one third of all primary and central nervous system (CNS) tumors and 80% of malignant tumors diagnosed in the Western world. Epidemiological data indicate that the overall incidence and mortality of cancer is higher in males, while females have a better prognosis. The goal of this study is to determine whether there are sex differences in the time to treat and clinical outcomes in patients with glioma. METHODS: Glioblastoma (GB) and Lower Grade Glioma (LGG) patients were defined per the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) for diagnosis years 2004 to 2016. Associations between sex and time to treatment variables as well as associations between sex and multiple clinical outcomes were assessed using univariable and multivariable models. RESULTS: A total of 176,100 patients were used for analysis (124,502 GBM and 51,598 LGG). Males had a statistically significant association with >7 days to surgery (OR = 1.09, CI 1.05-1.13, p < 0.001) but this association was not observed in the multivariable model (OR = 1.05, CI 0.96-1.16, p = 0.25). After adjustment for key variables including time to treat variables, males with GB and LGG had a higher risk of death (HR = 1.11, CI 1.09-1.13, p < 0.001, HR = 1.09, CI 1.03-1.15, p < 0.001; respectfully). Sex differences in 90-day mortality for GBM were not found after adjustment (OR for males = 0.99, CI 0.91-1.08, p = 0.93). For LGG, both the univariable and multivariable logistic regression models showed no sex differences in 90-day mortality (OR for males = 1.03, CI 0.94-1.12, p = 0.45; multivariable OR for males = 0.81, CI 0.62-1.06, p = 0.13). CONCLUSIONS: Based on NCDB data, there were no statistically significant differences in time to treatment between males and females, however males had a higher proportion of GB and LGG as well as a higher risk of death compared to females.
BACKGROUND: Gliomas are the most common type of primary malignant brain tumor in adults, representing one third of all primary and central nervous system (CNS) tumors and 80% of malignant tumors diagnosed in the Western world. Epidemiological data indicate that the overall incidence and mortality of cancer is higher in males, while females have a better prognosis. The goal of this study is to determine whether there are sex differences in the time to treat and clinical outcomes in patients with glioma. METHODS: Glioblastoma (GB) and Lower Grade Glioma (LGG) patients were defined per the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) for diagnosis years 2004 to 2016. Associations between sex and time to treatment variables as well as associations between sex and multiple clinical outcomes were assessed using univariable and multivariable models. RESULTS: A total of 176,100 patients were used for analysis (124,502 GBM and 51,598 LGG). Males had a statistically significant association with >7 days to surgery (OR = 1.09, CI 1.05-1.13, p < 0.001) but this association was not observed in the multivariable model (OR = 1.05, CI 0.96-1.16, p = 0.25). After adjustment for key variables including time to treat variables, males with GB and LGG had a higher risk of death (HR = 1.11, CI 1.09-1.13, p < 0.001, HR = 1.09, CI 1.03-1.15, p < 0.001; respectfully). Sex differences in 90-day mortality for GBM were not found after adjustment (OR for males = 0.99, CI 0.91-1.08, p = 0.93). For LGG, both the univariable and multivariable logistic regression models showed no sex differences in 90-day mortality (OR for males = 1.03, CI 0.94-1.12, p = 0.45; multivariable OR for males = 0.81, CI 0.62-1.06, p = 0.13). CONCLUSIONS: Based on NCDB data, there were no statistically significant differences in time to treatment between males and females, however males had a higher proportion of GB and LGG as well as a higher risk of death compared to females.
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