Yiben Cheng1,2, Wenbing Yang3, Hongbin Zhan4, Qunou Jiang1,2, Mingchang Shi1, Yunqi Wang1,2, Xinle Li5, Zhiming Xin5. 1. School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China. 2. Jinyun Forest Ecosystem Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China. 3. Institute of Desertification, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China. 4. Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States. 5. Inner Mongolia Dengkou Desert Ecosystem National Observation Research Station, The Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy Forestry, Beijing, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: China's so-called Three North Shelterbelt Program (3NSP) has produced a vast area of lined forest reconstruction in the semi-arid regions. This study uses the lined rain-fed Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica (PSM) sand-fixing forest in the eastern part of Mu Us Sandy Land in Northwestern China as an example to investigate the ecohydrological process in this region. Rain gauges, newly designed lysimeters and soil moisture sensors are used to monitor precipitation, deep soil recharge (DSR) and soil water content, where DSR specifically refers to recharge that can reach a depth more than 200 cm and eventually replenish the underneath groundwater reservoir. RESULTS: This study shows that there are two obvious moisture recharge processes in an annual base for the PSM forest soil: a snowmelt-related recharge process in the spring and a precipitation-related recharge process in the summer. The recharge depth of the first process can reach 180 cm without DSR occurring (in 2018). The second process results in noticeable DSR in 2018. Specifically, the DSR values over 2016-2018 are 1, 0.2, and 1.2 mm, respectively. To reach the recharge depths of 20, 40, 80, 120, 160, and 200 cm, the required precipitation intensities have to be 2.6, 3.2, 3.4, 8.2, 8.2, and 13.2 mm/d, respectively. The annual evapotranspiration in the PSM forest is 466.94 mm in 2016, 324.60 mm in 2017, and 183.85 mm in 2018. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that under the current precipitation conditions (including both dry- and wet-years such as 2016-2018), water consumption of PSM somewhat equals to the precipitation amount, and PSM has evolved over years to regulate its evapotranspiration in response to annual precipitation fluctuations in Mu Us Sandy Land of China.
BACKGROUND: China's so-called Three North Shelterbelt Program (3NSP) has produced a vast area of lined forest reconstruction in the semi-arid regions. This study uses the lined rain-fed Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica (PSM) sand-fixing forest in the eastern part of Mu Us Sandy Land in Northwestern China as an example to investigate the ecohydrological process in this region. Rain gauges, newly designed lysimeters and soil moisture sensors are used to monitor precipitation, deep soil recharge (DSR) and soil water content, where DSR specifically refers to recharge that can reach a depth more than 200 cm and eventually replenish the underneath groundwater reservoir. RESULTS: This study shows that there are two obvious moisture recharge processes in an annual base for the PSM forest soil: a snowmelt-related recharge process in the spring and a precipitation-related recharge process in the summer. The recharge depth of the first process can reach 180 cm without DSR occurring (in 2018). The second process results in noticeable DSR in 2018. Specifically, the DSR values over 2016-2018 are 1, 0.2, and 1.2 mm, respectively. To reach the recharge depths of 20, 40, 80, 120, 160, and 200 cm, the required precipitation intensities have to be 2.6, 3.2, 3.4, 8.2, 8.2, and 13.2 mm/d, respectively. The annual evapotranspiration in the PSM forest is 466.94 mm in 2016, 324.60 mm in 2017, and 183.85 mm in 2018. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that under the current precipitation conditions (including both dry- and wet-years such as 2016-2018), water consumption of PSM somewhat equals to the precipitation amount, and PSM has evolved over years to regulate its evapotranspiration in response to annual precipitation fluctuations in Mu Us Sandy Land of China.
Authors: Bernardo B N Strassburg; Alvaro Iribarrem; Hawthorne L Beyer; Carlos Leandro Cordeiro; Renato Crouzeilles; Catarina C Jakovac; André Braga Junqueira; Eduardo Lacerda; Agnieszka E Latawiec; Andrew Balmford; Thomas M Brooks; Stuart H M Butchart; Robin L Chazdon; Karl-Heinz Erb; Pedro Brancalion; Graeme Buchanan; David Cooper; Sandra Díaz; Paul F Donald; Valerie Kapos; David Leclère; Lera Miles; Michael Obersteiner; Christoph Plutzar; Carlos Alberto de M Scaramuzza; Fabio R Scarano; Piero Visconti Journal: Nature Date: 2020-10-14 Impact factor: 69.504
Authors: Chi Chen; Taejin Park; Xuhui Wang; Shilong Piao; Baodong Xu; Rajiv K Chaturvedi; Richard Fuchs; Victor Brovkin; Philippe Ciais; Rasmus Fensholt; Hans Tømmervik; Govindasamy Bala; Zaichun Zhu; Ramakrishna R Nemani; Ranga B Myneni Journal: Nat Sustain Date: 2019-02-11