Barbara S Castellanos1, Nayeli G Reyes-Nava1, Anita M Quintana2. 1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA. 2. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA. aquintana8@utep.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2) encodes for perlecan, a large proteoglycan that plays an important role in cartilage formation, cell adhesion, and basement membrane stability. Mutations in HSPG2 have been associated with Schwartz-Jampel Syndrome (SJS) and Dyssegmental Dysplasia Silverman-Handmaker Type (DDSH), two disorders characterized by skeletal abnormalities. These data indicate a function for HSPG2 in cartilage development/maintenance. However, the mechanisms in which HSPG2 regulates cartilage development are not completely understood. Here, we explored the relationship between this gene and craniofacial development through morpholino-mediated knockdown of hspg2 using zebrafish. RESULTS: Knockdown of hspg2 resulted in abnormal development of the mandibular jaw joint at 5 days post fertilization (DPF). We surmised that defects in mandible development were a consequence of neural crest cell (NCC) dysfunction, as these multipotent progenitors produce the cartilage of the head. Early NCC development was normal in morphant animals as measured by distal-less homeobox 2a (dlx2a) and SRY-box transcription factor 10 (sox10) expression at 1 DPF. However, subsequent analysis at later stages of development (4 DPF) revealed a decrease in the number of Sox10 + and Collagen, type II, alpha 1a (Col2a1a)+ cells within the mandibular jaw joint region of morphants relative to random control injected embryos. Concurrently, morphants showed a decreased expression of nkx3.2, a marker of jaw joint formation, at 4 DPF. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these data suggest a complex role for hspg2 in jaw joint formation and late stage NCC differentiation.
BACKGROUND: Heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2) encodes for perlecan, a large proteoglycan that plays an important role in cartilage formation, cell adhesion, and basement membrane stability. Mutations in HSPG2 have been associated with Schwartz-Jampel Syndrome (SJS) and Dyssegmental Dysplasia Silverman-Handmaker Type (DDSH), two disorders characterized by skeletal abnormalities. These data indicate a function for HSPG2 in cartilage development/maintenance. However, the mechanisms in which HSPG2 regulates cartilage development are not completely understood. Here, we explored the relationship between this gene and craniofacial development through morpholino-mediated knockdown of hspg2 using zebrafish. RESULTS: Knockdown of hspg2 resulted in abnormal development of the mandibular jaw joint at 5 days post fertilization (DPF). We surmised that defects in mandible development were a consequence of neural crest cell (NCC) dysfunction, as these multipotent progenitors produce the cartilage of the head. Early NCC development was normal in morphant animals as measured by distal-less homeobox 2a (dlx2a) and SRY-box transcription factor 10 (sox10) expression at 1 DPF. However, subsequent analysis at later stages of development (4 DPF) revealed a decrease in the number of Sox10 + and Collagen, type II, alpha 1a (Col2a1a)+ cells within the mandibular jaw joint region of morphants relative to random control injected embryos. Concurrently, morphants showed a decreased expression of nkx3.2, a marker of jaw joint formation, at 4 DPF. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these data suggest a complex role for hspg2 in jaw joint formation and late stage NCC differentiation.
Authors: Eri Arikawa-Hirasawa; Alexander H Le; Ichizo Nishino; Ikuya Nonaka; Nicola C Ho; Clair A Francomano; Prasanthi Govindraj; John R Hassell; Joseph M Devaney; Jürgen Spranger; Roger E Stevenson; Susan Iannaccone; Marinos C Dalakas; Yoshihiko Yamada Journal: Am J Hum Genet Date: 2002-04-08 Impact factor: 11.025
Authors: Erika Gustafsson; Attila Aszodi; Nathalie Ortega; Ernst B Hunziker; Hans-Werner Denker; Zena Werb; Reinhard Fassler Journal: Ann N Y Acad Sci Date: 2003-05 Impact factor: 5.691
Authors: Anita M Quintana; Elizabeth A Geiger; Nate Achilly; David S Rosenblatt; Kenneth N Maclean; Sally P Stabler; Kristin B Artinger; Bruce Appel; Tamim H Shaikh Journal: Dev Biol Date: 2014-10-02 Impact factor: 3.582