Y Z Zheng1, L L Pan1, J Li1, Z S Chen1, X L Hua1, S H Le1, H Zheng1, C Chen1, J D Hu2. 1. Department of Pediatric Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China. 2. Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China.
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of ETV6-RUNX1-positive childhood B-precursor acute lymphocyte leukemia (B-ALL) . Methods: The clinical data of 927 newly diagnosed children with B-ALL admitted to the Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from April 2011 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the results of ETV6-RUNX1 gene, the patients were divided into ETV6-RUNX1(+) and ETV6-RUNX1(-) groups. The clinical features and prognosis between the two groups were compared. Among the 182 children with ETV6-RUNX1(+), 144 patients received the Chinese Childhood Leukemia Collaborative Group (CCLG) -ALL 2008 protocol (CCLG-ALL 2008 group) and 38 received the China Childhood Cancer Collaborative Group (CCCG) -ALL2015 protocol (CCCG-ALL 2015 group) . The efficacy, serious adverse effects (SAE) incidence, and treatment-related mortality (TRM) of the two groups were also compared. Results: Of the 927 B-ALL patients, 189 (20.4% ) were ETV6-RUNX1(+). The proportion of patients with risk factors (age ≥10 years or <1 year, white blood cell count ≥50×10(9)/L) in the ETV6-RUNX1(+) group was significantly lower than that in the ETV6-RUNX1(-) group (P=0.000, 0.001, respectively) , while the proportion of patients with good early response (good response to prednisone, d15 or d19 MRD <1% , and d33 or d46 MRD<0.01% in induction chemotherapy) in the ETV6-RUNX1(+) group was significantly higher than that in the ETV6-RUNX1(-) group (P=0.028, 0.004, respectively) . The 5-year EFS and OS of the ETV6-RUNX1(+) group were significantly higher than those of the ETV6-RUNX1(-) group (EFS: 89.8% vs 83.2% , P=0.003; OS: 90.2% vs 86.3% , P=0.030) . The incidence of infection-related SAE and TRM was significantly higher than that of CCCG-ALL 2015 group. A statistical difference was observed between the incidence of infection-related SAE of the two groups (27.1% vs 5.3% , P=0.004) , but no difference in TRM (4.9% vs 0, P=0.348) . Conclusion: ETV6-RUNX1(+)B-ALL children have fewer risk factors at diagnosis, better early response, lower recurrence rate, and good prognosis than that of ETV6-RUNX1(-)B-ALL children. Reducing the intensity of chemotherapy appropriately can lower the infection-related SAE and TRM and improve the long-term survival in this subtype.
Objective: To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of ETV6-RUNX1-positive childhood B-precursor acute lymphocyte leukemia (B-ALL) . Methods: The clinical data of 927 newly diagnosed children with B-ALL admitted to the Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from April 2011 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the results of ETV6-RUNX1 gene, the patients were divided into ETV6-RUNX1(+) and ETV6-RUNX1(-) groups. The clinical features and prognosis between the two groups were compared. Among the 182 children with ETV6-RUNX1(+), 144 patients received the Chinese Childhood Leukemia Collaborative Group (CCLG) -ALL 2008 protocol (CCLG-ALL 2008 group) and 38 received the China Childhood Cancer Collaborative Group (CCCG) -ALL2015 protocol (CCCG-ALL 2015 group) . The efficacy, serious adverse effects (SAE) incidence, and treatment-related mortality (TRM) of the two groups were also compared. Results: Of the 927 B-ALL patients, 189 (20.4% ) were ETV6-RUNX1(+). The proportion of patients with risk factors (age ≥10 years or <1 year, white blood cell count ≥50×10(9)/L) in the ETV6-RUNX1(+) group was significantly lower than that in the ETV6-RUNX1(-) group (P=0.000, 0.001, respectively) , while the proportion of patients with good early response (good response to prednisone, d15 or d19 MRD <1% , and d33 or d46 MRD<0.01% in induction chemotherapy) in the ETV6-RUNX1(+) group was significantly higher than that in the ETV6-RUNX1(-) group (P=0.028, 0.004, respectively) . The 5-year EFS and OS of the ETV6-RUNX1(+) group were significantly higher than those of the ETV6-RUNX1(-) group (EFS: 89.8% vs 83.2% , P=0.003; OS: 90.2% vs 86.3% , P=0.030) . The incidence of infection-related SAE and TRM was significantly higher than that of CCCG-ALL 2015 group. A statistical difference was observed between the incidence of infection-related SAE of the two groups (27.1% vs 5.3% , P=0.004) , but no difference in TRM (4.9% vs 0, P=0.348) . Conclusion: ETV6-RUNX1(+)B-ALL children have fewer risk factors at diagnosis, better early response, lower recurrence rate, and good prognosis than that of ETV6-RUNX1(-)B-ALL children. Reducing the intensity of chemotherapy appropriately can lower the infection-related SAE and TRM and improve the long-term survival in this subtype.
急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)是儿童最常见的恶性肿瘤,约占同时期儿童恶性肿瘤的30%。随着危险度分层的日趋精准、支持治疗的不断增强及对特殊融合基因亚型的靶向治疗,目前儿童ALL的5年无事件生存(EFS)率可达到85%[1]。ETV6-RUNX1(又称TEL-AML1)融合基因,是由12号染色体上的转录因子ETV6基因与21号染色体上的RUNX1序列断裂、重接形成,可影响造血干细胞的自我更新与分化,与白血病的发生、发展密切相关。ETV6-RUNX1融合基因在儿童急性前体B淋巴细胞白血病(precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia,B-ALL)中的阳性率为20%~25%[2]。国外研究发现,多数ETV6-RUNX1融合基因阳性儿童B-ALL预后良好,5年的EFS率达80%~97%,显著高于其他亚型[3]–[6],但仍有部分患儿发生治疗相关死亡或晚期复发死亡。目前国内对ETV6-RUNX1融合基因阳性儿童B-ALL的大样本研究仍较少,本研究通过回顾性分析该亚型患儿的临床特征及不同治疗方案的疗效,探讨更为合理的治疗方案以进一步改善该亚型ALL患儿的生存。
病例与方法
1.研究对象:2011年4月至2020年5月在福建医科大学附属协和医院初诊的B-ALL患儿作为研究对象,入选标准:①年龄≤14岁;②临床表现符合ALL,并经骨髓细胞形态学、免疫分型、细胞遗传学及分子生物学(ETV6-RUNX1、BCR-ABL1、MLL-AF4和E2A-PBX1等融合基因作为常规检测项目)检查明确诊断为B-ALL[7];③初发患儿(来院就诊前未经过任何ALL相关治疗)。所有患儿初诊时均通过定量PCR筛查相关的融合基因,筛查出ETV6-RUNX1阳性的患者后续采用荧光定量PCR及TaqMan探针定量法检测标本中ETV6-RUNX1基因的拷贝数。2.治疗方案及危险度分层:2019年1月1日前收治的患儿其治疗方案、危险分组、疗效评价采用中国儿童白血病协作组(Chinese Children Leukemia Group,CCLG)-ALL 2008方案[7]。2019年1月1日后收治的患儿其治疗方案、危险分组、疗效评价采用中国儿童癌症协作组(Chinese Children Cancer Group,CCCG)-ALL 2015方案[8]。两种方案的化疗药物种类及各个时间段化疗方案的组成基本相同,主要的区别在于化疗药物的剂量和次数存在差异。CCLG-2008方案诱导化疗中推荐低危组柔红霉素为2剂,中危组为3剂,高危组为4剂,培门冬酶均为2剂,而CCCG-ALL-2015方案的诱导化疗中,推荐低危组柔红霉素根据血常规情况可仅给予1剂或2剂,培门冬酶仅为1剂,中高危组柔红霉素及培门冬酶均为2剂,且柔红霉素的剂量由前者的30 mg/m2降至25 mg/m2,培门冬酶的剂量由前者2500 IU/m2降至2000 IU/m2。此外,后者诱导方案中,推荐中高危组若诱导化疗第19天微小残留病(MRD)<1%可仅给予1个疗程的CAT方案,而前者均推荐2个疗程CAM方案。189例ETV6-RUNX1阳性患儿中,182例规范治疗者纳入生存分析;738例ETV6-RUNX1阴性患儿中,671例规范治疗者纳入生存分析。144例ETV6-RUNX1阳性和541例ETV6-RUNX1阴性患儿接受CCLG-ALL 2008方案化疗。38例ETV6-RUNX1阳性和130例ETV6-RUNX1阴性患儿接受CCCG-ALL 2015方案化疗。治疗分组见图1。
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