Combined adaptive evolution and transcriptomic profiles reveal aromatic aldehydes tolerance mechanisms in Yarrowia lipolytica.

Yarrowia lipolytica is an efficient oleaginous yeast, whereas its activity is typically reduced by inhibitors present in lignocellulosic hydrolysate. Understanding the response mechanism of Y. lipolytica to hydrolysate inhibitors and developing inhibitor tolerant strains are vital to lignocellulose valorization by this promising species. In this study, through adaptive laboratory evolution on three representative aromatic aldehyde inhibitors, evolved strains were obtained. Fermentation phenotype suggested that aromatic aldehydes conversion was one main reason for high tolerance of adapted strains. Transcriptome profiling analysis and reverse metabolic engineering confirmed that overexpressing the aldehyde ketone reductase gene YALI0_B07117g and aldehyde dehydrogenase gene YALI0_B01298g effectively converted aromatic aldehyde to corresponding alcohols and acids. The potential degradation pathways for aromatic aldehyde inhibitors in Y. lipolytica XYL+ were then discussed. This study provided insights to the aromatic aldehyde degradation in Y. lipolytica and a reliable basis for the development of aromatic aldehyde tolerant strains.