Ahtisham Younas1,2, Parveen Ali3,4. 1. Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada ay6133@mun.ca. 2. Swat College of Nursing, Pakistan. 3. School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK. 4. Sheffield University Interpersonal Violence Research Group, Sheffield University, Sheffield, UK.