Vladimir V Popov1, Maria Luisa Grilli2, Andrey Koptyug3, Lucyna Jaworska4, Alexander Katz-Demyanetz1, Damjan Klobčar5, Sebastian Balos6, Bogdan O Postolnyi7,8, Saurav Goel9,10,11. 1. Israel Institute of Metals, Technion R&D Foundation, Haifa 3200003, Israel. 2. ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Energy Technologies and Renewable Sources Department, Casaccia Research Centre, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy. 3. SportsTech Research Center, Mid Sweden University, Akademigatan 1, SE-83125 Östersund, Sweden. 4. Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland. 5. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva c. 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. 6. Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Technical Science, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia. 7. IFIMUP-Institute of Physics for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnology and Photonics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 687 Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal. 8. Department of Nanoelectronics and Surface Modification, Sumy State University, 2 Rymskogo-Korsakova St., 40007 Sumy, Ukraine. 9. School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, UK. 10. School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK4 30AL, UK. 11. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Budh Nagar 201314, India.
Abstract
The term "critical raw materials" (CRMs) refers to various metals and nonmetals that are crucial to Europe's economic progress. Modern technologies enabling effective use and recyclability of CRMs are in critical demand for the EU industries. The use of CRMs, especially in the fields of biomedicine, aerospace, electric vehicles, and energy applications, is almost irreplaceable. Additive manufacturing (also referred to as 3D printing) is one of the key enabling technologies in the field of manufacturing which underpins the Fourth Industrial Revolution. 3D printing not only suppresses waste but also provides an efficient buy-to-fly ratio and possesses the potential to entirely change supply and distribution chains, significantly reducing costs and revolutionizing all logistics. This review provides comprehensive new insights into CRM-containing materials processed by modern additive manufacturing techniques and outlines the potential for increasing the efficiency of CRMs utilization and reducing the dependence on CRMs through wider industrial incorporation of AM and specifics of powder bed AM methods making them prime candidates for such developments.
The term "panclass="Chemical">cri<class="Chemical">pan class="Chemical">span class="Disease">tical raw materials" (CRMs) refers to various <class="Chemical">pan class="Chemical">al">span class="Chemical">metals and nonmetals that are crucial to Europe's economic progress. Modern technologies enabling effective use and recyclability of CRMs are in critical demand for the EU industries. The use of CRMs, especially in the fields of biomedicine, aerospace, electric vehicles, and energy applications, is almost irreplaceable. Additive manufacturing (also referred to as 3D printing) is one of the key enabling technologies in the field of manufacturing which underpins the Fourth Industrial Revolution. 3D printing not only suppresses waste but also provides an efficient buy-to-fly ratio and possesses the potential to entirely change supply and distribution chains, significantly reducing costs and revolutionizing all logistics. This review provides comprehensive new insights into CRM-containing materials processed by modern additive manufacturing techniques and outlines the potential for increasing the efficiency of CRMs utilization and reducing the dependence on CRMs through wider industrial incorporation of AM and specifics of powder bed AM methods making them prime candidates for such developments.
Entities:
Keywords:
CRM; additive manufacturing; critical raw materials; powder bed fusion; powders for additive manufacturing; recyclability
Authors: Vladimir V Popov; Elena V Kudryavtseva; Nirmal Kumar Katiyar; Andrei Shishkin; Stepan I Stepanov; Saurav Goel Journal: Materials (Basel) Date: 2022-03-14 Impact factor: 3.623
Authors: Anna Kuś; Wirginia Pilarczyk; Aleksandra Małachowska; Andrzej Ambroziak; Piotr Gębara Journal: Materials (Basel) Date: 2021-11-30 Impact factor: 3.623
Authors: Maria Luisa Grilli; Daniele Valerini; Anca Elena Slobozeanu; Bogdan O Postolnyi; Sebastian Balos; Antonella Rizzo; Radu Robert Piticescu Journal: Materials (Basel) Date: 2021-03-28 Impact factor: 3.623