Pavel Novák1, Tiziano Bellezze2, Marcello Cabibbo3, Ernst Gamsjäger4, Manfred Wiessner5, Dragan Rajnovic6, Lucyna Jaworska7, Pavel Hanus8, Andrei Shishkin9, Gaurav Goel10,11, Saurav Goel10,11. 1. Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic. 2. Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy. 3. Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e Scienze Matematiche (DIISM), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy. 4. Institute of Mechanics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria. 5. Anton Paar GmbH, Anton-Paar-Str. 20, 8054 Graz, Austria. 6. Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Technical Science, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia. 7. Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland. 8. Department of Material Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic. 9. Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia. 10. School of Engineering, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK. 11. School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK.
Abstract
The Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) list has been defined based on economic importance and supply risk by the European Commission. This review paper describes two issues regarding critical raw materials: the possibilities of their substitution in iron-based alloys and the use of iron-based alloys instead of other materials in order to save CRMs. This review covers strategies for saving chromium in stainless steel, substitution or lowering the amounts of carbide-forming elements (especially tungsten and vanadium) in tool steel and alternative iron-based CRM-free and low-CRM materials: austempered ductile cast iron, high-temperature alloys based on intermetallics of iron and sintered diamond tools with an iron-containing low-cobalt binder.
The n class="Chemical">Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) list hasbeen defined based on economic importance and supply risk by the European Commission. This review paper describes two issues regarding critical raw materials: the possibilities of their substitution in iron-based alloys and the use of iron-based alloys instead of other materials in order to save CRMs. This review covers strategies for saving chromium in stainless steel, substitution or lowering the amounts of carbide-forming elements (especially tungsten and vanadium) in tool steel and alternative iron-based CRM-free and low-CRM materials: austempered ductile cast iron, high-temperature alloys based on intermetallics of iron and sintered diamond tools with an iron-containing low-cobalt binder.
Entities:
Keywords:
alloy; critical raw materials; iron; substitution
Authors: Maria Luisa Grilli; Tiziano Bellezze; Ernst Gamsjäger; Antonio Rinaldi; Pavel Novak; Sebastian Balos; Radu Robert Piticescu; Maria Letizia Ruello Journal: Materials (Basel) Date: 2017-03-13 Impact factor: 3.623
Authors: Pavel Novák; Tomáš Vanka; Kateřina Nová; Jan Stoulil; Filip Průša; Jaromír Kopeček; Petr Haušild; František Laufek Journal: Materials (Basel) Date: 2019-08-02 Impact factor: 3.623
Authors: Věra Vodičková; Martin Švec; Pavel Hanus; Pavel Novák; Antonín Záděra; Vojtěch Keller; Petra Pazourková Prokopčáková Journal: Molecules Date: 2020-09-17 Impact factor: 4.411