Chu-Wen Yang1, Mei-Fang Chen2. 1. Department of Microbiology, Center for Applied Artificial Intelligence Research, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan. 2. Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The innate immune system especially Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 and the interferon pathway, constitutes an important first line of defense against single-stranded RNA viruses. However, large-scale, systematic comparisons of the TLR 7/8-stimulating potential of genomic RNAs of single-stranded RNA viruses are rare. In this study, a computational method to evaluate the human TLR 7/8-stimulating ability of single-stranded RNA virus genomes based on their human TLR 7/8-stimulating trimer compositions was used to analyze 1,002 human coronavirus genomes. RESULTS: The human TLR 7/8-stimulating potential of coronavirus genomic (positive strand) RNAs followed the order of NL63-CoV > HKU1-CoV >229E-CoV ≅ OC63-CoV > SARS-CoV-2 > MERS-CoV > SARS-CoV. These results suggest that among these coronaviruses, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 may have a higher ability to evade the human TLR 7/8-mediated innate immune response. Analysis with a logistic regression equation derived from human coronavirus data revealed that most of the 1,762 coronavirus genomic (positive strand) RNAs isolated from bats, camels, cats, civets, dogs and birds exhibited weak human TLR 7/8-stimulating potential equivalent to that of the MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNAs. CONCLUSIONS: Prediction of the human TLR 7/8-stimulating potential of viral genomic RNAs may be useful for surveillance of emerging coronaviruses from nonhuman mammalian hosts.
BACKGROUND: The innate immune system especially Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 and the interferon pathway, constitutes an important first line of defense against single-stranded RNA viruses. However, large-scale, systematic comparisons of the TLR 7/8-stimulating potential of genomic RNAs of single-stranded RNA viruses are rare. In this study, a computational method to evaluate the human TLR 7/8-stimulating ability of single-stranded RNA virus genomes based on their human TLR 7/8-stimulating trimer compositions was used to analyze 1,002 human coronavirus genomes. RESULTS: The human TLR 7/8-stimulating potential of coronavirus genomic (positive strand) RNAs followed the order of NL63-CoV > HKU1-CoV >229E-CoV ≅ OC63-CoV > SARS-CoV-2 > MERS-CoV > SARS-CoV. These results suggest that among these coronaviruses, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 may have a higher ability to evade the human TLR 7/8-mediated innate immune response. Analysis with a logistic regression equation derived from human coronavirus data revealed that most of the 1,762 coronavirus genomic (positive strand) RNAs isolated from bats, camels, cats, civets, dogs and birds exhibited weak human TLR 7/8-stimulating potential equivalent to that of the MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNAs. CONCLUSIONS: Prediction of the human TLR 7/8-stimulating potential of viral genomic RNAs may be useful for surveillance of emerging coronaviruses from nonhuman mammalian hosts.
Authors: Caspar I van der Made; Annet Simons; Janneke Schuurs-Hoeijmakers; Guus van den Heuvel; Tuomo Mantere; Simone Kersten; Rosanne C van Deuren; Marloes Steehouwer; Simon V van Reijmersdal; Martin Jaeger; Tom Hofste; Galuh Astuti; Jordi Corominas Galbany; Vyne van der Schoot; Hans van der Hoeven; Wanda Hagmolen Of Ten Have; Eva Klijn; Catrien van den Meer; Jeroen Fiddelaers; Quirijn de Mast; Chantal P Bleeker-Rovers; Leo A B Joosten; Helger G Yntema; Christian Gilissen; Marcel Nelen; Jos W M van der Meer; Han G Brunner; Mihai G Netea; Frank L van de Veerdonk; Alexander Hoischen Journal: JAMA Date: 2020-08-18 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Brett E Pickett; Douglas S Greer; Yun Zhang; Lucy Stewart; Liwei Zhou; Guangyu Sun; Zhiping Gu; Sanjeev Kumar; Sam Zaremba; Christopher N Larsen; Wei Jen; Edward B Klem; Richard H Scheuermann Journal: Viruses Date: 2012-11-19 Impact factor: 5.048