Tetsuya Matoba1,2, Kazuo Sakamoto1,2, Michikazu Nakai3, Kenzo Ichimura1,2, Masahiro Mohri4,2, Yasuyuki Tsujita5,2, Masao Yamasaki6,2, Yasushi Ueki7,2, Nobuhiro Tanaka8,2, Yohei Hokama8,2, Motoki Fukutomi9,2, Katsutaka Hashiba10,2, Rei Fukuhara11,2, Satoru Suwa12,2, Hirohide Matsuura13,2, Hayato Hosoda3, Takahiro Nakashima3, Yoshio Tahara3, Yoko Sumita3, Kunihiro Nishimura3, Yoshihiro Miyamoto3, Naohiro Yonemoto14,2, Tsukasa Yagi15,2, Eizo Tachibana15,2, Ken Nagao16,2, Takanori Ikeda17,2, Naoki Sato18, Hiroyuki Tsutsui1. 1. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University. 2. JCS Shock Registry Scientific Committee. 3. National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center. 4. Department of Cardiology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Kyushu Hospital. 5. Department of Critical and Intensive Care Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science. 6. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, NTT Medical Center. 7. Emergency and Critical Care Center, Shinshu University School of Medicine. 8. Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center. 9. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine. 10. Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center. 11. Department of Cardiology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center. 12. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital. 13. Department of Cardiology, Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital. 14. Department of Biostatistics, Kyoto University. 15. Department of Cardiology, Kawaguchi Municipal Medical Center. 16. Cardiovascular Center, Nihon University Hospital. 17. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University. 18. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kawaguchi Cardiovascular and Respiratory Hospital.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The high mortality of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with cardiogenic shock (i.e., Killip class IV AMI) remains a challenge in emergency cardiovascular care. This study aimed to examine institutional factors, including the number of JCS board-certified members, that are independently associated with the prognosis of Killip class IV AMI patients.Methods and Results: In the Japanese registry of all cardiac and vascular diseases-diagnosis procedure combination (JROAD-DPC) database (years 2012-2016), the 30-day mortality of Killip class IV AMI patients (n=21,823) was 42.3%. Multivariate analysis identified age, female sex, admission by ambulance, deep coma, and cardiac arrest as patient factors that were independently associated with higher 30-day mortality, and the numbers of JCS board-certified members and of intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) cases per year as institutional factors that were independently associated with lower mortality in Killip class IV patients, although IABP was associated with higher mortality in Killip classes I-III patients. Among hospitals with the highest quartile (≥9 JCS board-certified members), the 30-day mortality of Killip class IV patients was 37.4%. CONCLUSIONS: A higher numbers of JCS board-certified members was associated with better survival of Killip class IV AMI patients. This finding may provide a clue to optimizing local emergency medical services for better management of AMI patients in Japan.
BACKGROUND: The high mortality of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with cardiogenic shock (i.e., Killip class IV AMI) remains a challenge in emergency cardiovascular care. This study aimed to examine institutional factors, including the number of JCS board-certified members, that are independently associated with the prognosis of Killip class IV AMI patients.Methods and Results: In the Japanese registry of all cardiac and vascular diseases-diagnosis procedure combination (JROAD-DPC) database (years 2012-2016), the 30-day mortality of Killip class IV AMI patients (n=21,823) was 42.3%. Multivariate analysis identified age, female sex, admission by ambulance, deep coma, and cardiac arrest as patient factors that were independently associated with higher 30-day mortality, and the numbers of JCS board-certified members and of intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) cases per year as institutional factors that were independently associated with lower mortality in Killip class IV patients, although IABP was associated with higher mortality in Killip classes I-III patients. Among hospitals with the highest quartile (≥9 JCS board-certified members), the 30-day mortality of Killip class IV patients was 37.4%. CONCLUSIONS: A higher numbers of JCS board-certified members was associated with better survival of Killip class IV AMI patients. This finding may provide a clue to optimizing local emergency medical services for better management of AMI patients in Japan.