Global Identification for Targets of Circadian Transcription Factors in Arabidopsis and Rice Using Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Followed by Sequencing (ChIP-seq).

The circadian clock is a self-sustaining 24 h timekeeper which enables plants to anticipate periodic environmental changes and optimize the biological activities for most beneficial time during day/night cycles. As in many organisms, the sustained circadian rhythmicity in plant relies on network of transcriptional/translational feedback loops (TTFLs) of transcription factors at the core of the oscillator. Over the past years, ChIP-seq has become an indispensable method to uncover the clock network through identifications of circadian transcription factors binding sites on a genome-wide scale. Here, we show how to use ChIP-seq to analyze the occupancy of circadian transcription factor in Arabidopsis. In addition, we briefly describe some modifications of protocol applied to rice (Oryza sativa).