Imaging the Vasculature of Immunodeficient Mice Using Positron Emission Tomography/computed Tomography (PET/CT) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Labeled Human Erythrocytes.

Nuclear blood pool imaging using radiolabeled red blood cells has been used in the clinical setting for the evaluation of a number of medical conditions including gastrointestinal hemorrhage, impaired cardiac contractility, and altered cerebrovascular blood flow. Nuclear blood pool imaging is typically performed using Technetium-99m-labeled (99mTc) human erythrocytes (i.e., the "tagged RBC" scan) and gamma camera-based planar scintigraphic imaging. When compared to typical clinical planar scintigraphy and single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) imaging platforms, positron emission tomography (PET) provides superior image quality and sensitivity. A number of PET-based radionuclide agents have been proposed for blood pool imaging, but none have yet to be used widely in the clinical setting. In this protocol, we described a simple and fast procedure for imaging the vasculature of immunodeficient mice through a combination of a small animal positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scanner and human erythrocytes labeled with the PET tracer 2-deoxy-2-(18F)fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG). This technique is expected to have significant advantages over traditional 99mTc -labeled erythrocyte scintigraphic nuclear imaging for these reasons.