Esther Lizarraga-Mollinedo1, Gemma Carreras-Badosa1, Silvia Xargay-Torrent1, Xavier Remesar2,3, Berta Mas-Pares4, Anna Prats-Puig5, Francis de Zegher6, Lourdes Ibáñez7,8, Abel López-Bermejo9,10,11, Judit Bassols4. 1. Pediatric Endocrinology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona, Spain. 2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 3. CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. 4. Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona, Spain. 5. Department of Physiotherapy, EUSES University School, Girona, Spain. 6. Department of Development AND Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. 7. Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital Pediatric Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 8. CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. 9. Pediatric Endocrinology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona, Spain. alopezbermejo@idibgi.org. 10. Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, Girona, Spain. alopezbermejo@idibgi.org. 11. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain. alopezbermejo@idibgi.org.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Accelerated catch-up growth following intrauterine restriction increases the risk of developing visceral adiposity and metabolic abnormalities. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of such metabolic programming are still poorly understood. METHODS: A Wistar rat model of catch-up growth following intrauterine restriction was used. A gene expression array was performed in the retroperitoneal adipose tissue sampled at postnatal day (PD) 42. RESULTS: Five hundred and forty-six differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified (adjusted p value < 0.05). Gene ontology enrichment analysis identified pathways related to immune and lipid metabolic processes, brown fat cell differentiation, and regulation of PI3K. Ccl21, Npr3, Serpina3n, Pnpla3, Slc2a4, and Serpina12 were validated to be upregulated in catch-up pups (all p < 0.01) and related to several fat expansion and metabolic parameters, including body weight at PD42, postnatal body weight gain, white and brown adipose tissue mass, plasma triglycerides, and insulin resistance index (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Genes related to immune and metabolic processes were upregulated in retroperitoneal adipose tissue following catch-up growth in juvenile rats and were found to be associated with fat expansion and metabolic parameters. Our results provide evidence for several dysregulated genes in white adipose tissue that could help develop novel strategies to prevent the metabolic abnormalities associated with catch-up growth. IMPACT: Catch-up growth presents several dysregulated genes in white adipose tissue related to metabolic abnormalities. Ccl21, Npr3, Serpina3n, Pnpla3, Slc2a4, and Serpina12 were validated to be upregulated in catch-up pups and related to visceral fat expansion and metabolic parameters. Profiling and validation of these dysregulated genes in visceral adipose tissue could help develop novel strategies to prevent the metabolic abnormalities associated with catch-up growth.
BACKGROUND: Accelerated catch-up growth following intrauterine restriction increases the risk of developing visceral adiposity and metabolic abnormalities. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of such metabolic programming are still poorly understood. METHODS: A Wistar rat model of catch-up growth following intrauterine restriction was used. A gene expression array was performed in the retroperitoneal adipose tissue sampled at postnatal day (PD) 42. RESULTS: Five hundred and forty-six differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified (adjusted p value < 0.05). Gene ontology enrichment analysis identified pathways related to immune and lipid metabolic processes, brown fat cell differentiation, and regulation of PI3K. Ccl21, Npr3, Serpina3n, Pnpla3, Slc2a4, and Serpina12 were validated to be upregulated in catch-up pups (all p < 0.01) and related to several fat expansion and metabolic parameters, including body weight at PD42, postnatal body weight gain, white and brown adipose tissue mass, plasma triglycerides, and insulin resistance index (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Genes related to immune and metabolic processes were upregulated in retroperitoneal adipose tissue following catch-up growth in juvenile rats and were found to be associated with fat expansion and metabolic parameters. Our results provide evidence for several dysregulated genes in white adipose tissue that could help develop novel strategies to prevent the metabolic abnormalities associated with catch-up growth. IMPACT: Catch-up growth presents several dysregulated genes in white adipose tissue related to metabolic abnormalities. Ccl21, Npr3, Serpina3n, Pnpla3, Slc2a4, and Serpina12 were validated to be upregulated in catch-up pups and related to visceral fat expansion and metabolic parameters. Profiling and validation of these dysregulated genes in visceral adipose tissue could help develop novel strategies to prevent the metabolic abnormalities associated with catch-up growth.
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