Tina D Tailor1, Caroline Chiles2, Joseph Yeboah3, M Patricia Rivera4, Betty C Tong5, Fides R Schwartz6, Thad Benefield7, Lindsay M Lane7, Ilona Stashko8, Samantha M Thomas9, Louise M Henderson10. 1. Fellowship Director of Cardiothoracic Radiology, Research Director, Duke Lung Cancer Screening Program, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. Electronic address: tina.tailor@duke.edu. 2. Department of Radiology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest, North Carolina. 3. Department of Cardiology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest, North Carolina. 4. Medical Director, Pulmonary Function Test and Bronchoscopy Services; Service Chief, Pulmonary Inpatient Service, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine; Director, Lung Cancer Screening Program, University of North Carolina School of Medicine., Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 5. Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Clinical Director, Lung Cancer Screening Program, Duke University Health System, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. 6. Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. 7. Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine., Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 8. Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. 9. Manager, Duke Cancer Institute (DCI) Biostatistics Shared Resource and Internship Director, Biostatistics Core Training and Internship Program, Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. 10. Director Epidemiology Research Team, Director Carolina Mammography Registry; Co-Lead, Cancer Epidemiology Program at Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine., Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a marker of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), the leading cause of death in individuals receiving lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose CT. Our purpose was to determine the proportion of the LCS population eligible for primary ASCVD preventive statin therapy by American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines, assess statin prescription rates among statin-eligible individuals, and determine associations of CAC on downstream statin prescribing within 90 days of LCS. METHODS: Individuals receiving LCS between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2018, across three centers were retrospectively enrolled. Statin eligibility in individuals without pre-existing ASCVD was determined by 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines: (1) low-density lipoprotein ≥190 mg/dL, (2) diabetes, or (3) ASCVD risk score ≥7.5%. CAC presence and severity (mild, moderate, heavy) were extracted from LCS reports. Variation in statin prescription rates and associations between CAC and statin prescription were determined using mixed-effects logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 5,495 individuals receiving LCS, 31.4% (1,724 of 5,495) had pre-existing ASCVD. Of the remaining 3,771 individuals, 73.6% were statin eligible (2,777 of 3,771). However, most lacked statin prescription (60.5%, 1,681 of 2,777). CAC was associated with downstream statin prescribing (adjusted odds ratio = 2.60, 95% confidence interval: 1.12-6.02), with a higher likelihood of statin prescribing with increasing CAC severity (adjusted odds ratio = 2.21, 95% confidence interval: 1.35-3.60). CONCLUSION: Although most of the LCS population is eligible for guideline-directed statin therapy, statins are underprescribed in this group. Radiologist reporting of CAC at LCS reflects a potential opportunity to raise awareness of ASCVD risk and improve preventive statin prescribing.
OBJECTIVE: Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a marker of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), the leading cause of death in individuals receiving lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose CT. Our purpose was to determine the proportion of the LCS population eligible for primary ASCVD preventive statin therapy by American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines, assess statin prescription rates among statin-eligible individuals, and determine associations of CAC on downstream statin prescribing within 90 days of LCS. METHODS: Individuals receiving LCS between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2018, across three centers were retrospectively enrolled. Statin eligibility in individuals without pre-existing ASCVD was determined by 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines: (1) low-density lipoprotein ≥190 mg/dL, (2) diabetes, or (3) ASCVD risk score ≥7.5%. CAC presence and severity (mild, moderate, heavy) were extracted from LCS reports. Variation in statin prescription rates and associations between CAC and statin prescription were determined using mixed-effects logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 5,495 individuals receiving LCS, 31.4% (1,724 of 5,495) had pre-existing ASCVD. Of the remaining 3,771 individuals, 73.6% were statin eligible (2,777 of 3,771). However, most lacked statin prescription (60.5%, 1,681 of 2,777). CAC was associated with downstream statin prescribing (adjusted odds ratio = 2.60, 95% confidence interval: 1.12-6.02), with a higher likelihood of statin prescribing with increasing CAC severity (adjusted odds ratio = 2.21, 95% confidence interval: 1.35-3.60). CONCLUSION: Although most of the LCS population is eligible for guideline-directed statin therapy, statins are underprescribed in this group. Radiologist reporting of CAC at LCS reflects a potential opportunity to raise awareness of ASCVD risk and improve preventive statin prescribing.
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