Joseph Paul Hicks1, Sophia M Latham2, Rumana Huque3,4, Mahua Das5, Jane Newell6, S M Abdullah3,4, Zunayed Al Azdi3, Ishrat Jahan3, Christian Rassi7, Prudence Hamade7, Muhammad Shafique7, Mohammad Saiful Islam8, Rebecca King5. 1. Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. j.p.hicks@leeds.ac.uk. 2. Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire, CH64 7TE, UK. 3. ARK Foundation, Suite C-3 & C-4, House # 06, Road # 109, Gulshan-2, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh. 4. Department of Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh. 5. Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. 6. University of Liverpool Medical School, Cedar House, Ashton St, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK. 7. Malaria Consortium, The Green House, 244-254 Cambridge Heath Road, London, E2 9DA, UK. 8. Faculty of Surgery and Professor of Paediatric Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance is a global threat to human health, and inappropriate use of antibiotics in humans and animals is widely considered to be a key driver of antibiotic resistant infections. Antibiotic use in humans and animals is growing rapidly in low- and, particularly, middle-income countries. However, there is little detailed understanding about practices related to the use of antibiotics in humans and animals within community settings in such countries. Here we aimed to understand the antibiotic practices of rural households across Cumilla district, Bangladesh, in relation to household members and their domestic animals. METHODS: In 2018 we conducted a cross-sectional survey using representative cluster sampling methods. We collected self-reported information from 682 female and 620 male household heads, with women also asked about their children's antibiotic practices. RESULTS: Only 48% (95% CI: 40, 56%) of women and men had heard of antibiotics, and among those women and men who were aware of antibiotics and the children of those women 70% (95% CI: 64, 76%) reported having previously taken antibiotics, while among these individuals who reported previously taking antibiotics 21% (95% CI: 18, 25%) said they had done so most recently within the last month. Risky/inappropriate antibiotic practices in humans and animals were often reported. For example, among women and men who were aware of antibiotics and the children of those women 52% (95% CI: 40, 63%) reported previously taking antibiotics for a "cough/cold", despite antibiotics being typically inappropriate for use against viral upper respiratory tract infections. Among poultry-owning respondents who were aware of antibiotics 11% (95% CI: 8, 15%) reported previously giving healthy poultry antibiotics, mainly for growth/prophylaxis, while among cattle-owning respondents who were aware of antibiotics and reported previously giving their cattle feed 20% (95% CI: 9, 37%) said the feed had contained antibiotics at least sometimes. CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight the need for context-adapted interventions at both the community level and the health systems level to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use among humans and domestic animals in rural Bangladesh. Successfully reducing inappropriate use of antibiotics among humans and animals is a required and critical step in tackling antimicrobial resistance.
BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance is a global threat to human health, and inappropriate use of antibiotics in humans and animals is widely considered to be a key driver of antibiotic resistant infections. Antibiotic use in humans and animals is growing rapidly in low- and, particularly, middle-income countries. However, there is little detailed understanding about practices related to the use of antibiotics in humans and animals within community settings in such countries. Here we aimed to understand the antibiotic practices of rural households across Cumilla district, Bangladesh, in relation to household members and their domestic animals. METHODS: In 2018 we conducted a cross-sectional survey using representative cluster sampling methods. We collected self-reported information from 682 female and 620 male household heads, with women also asked about their children's antibiotic practices. RESULTS: Only 48% (95% CI: 40, 56%) of women and men had heard of antibiotics, and among those women and men who were aware of antibiotics and the children of those women 70% (95% CI: 64, 76%) reported having previously taken antibiotics, while among these individuals who reported previously taking antibiotics 21% (95% CI: 18, 25%) said they had done so most recently within the last month. Risky/inappropriate antibiotic practices in humans and animals were often reported. For example, among women and men who were aware of antibiotics and the children of those women 52% (95% CI: 40, 63%) reported previously taking antibiotics for a "cough/cold", despite antibiotics being typically inappropriate for use against viral upper respiratory tract infections. Among poultry-owning respondents who were aware of antibiotics 11% (95% CI: 8, 15%) reported previously giving healthy poultry antibiotics, mainly for growth/prophylaxis, while among cattle-owning respondents who were aware of antibiotics and reported previously giving their cattle feed 20% (95% CI: 9, 37%) said the feed had contained antibiotics at least sometimes. CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight the need for context-adapted interventions at both the community level and the health systems level to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use among humans and domestic animals in rural Bangladesh. Successfully reducing inappropriate use of antibiotics among humans and animals is a required and critical step in tackling antimicrobial resistance.
Authors: Xiaolin Wei; Zhitong Zhang; John D Walley; Joseph P Hicks; Jun Zeng; Simin Deng; Yu Zhou; Jia Yin; James N Newell; Qiang Sun; Guanyang Zou; Yan Guo; Ross E G Upshur; Mei Lin Journal: Lancet Glob Health Date: 2017-11-05 Impact factor: 26.763
Authors: Travis C Porco; Teshome Gebre; Berhan Ayele; Jenafir House; Jeremy Keenan; Zhaoxia Zhou; Kevin Cyrus Hong; Nicole Stoller; Kathryn J Ray; Paul Emerson; Bruce D Gaynor; Thomas M Lietman Journal: JAMA Date: 2009-09-02 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Rebecca Knowles; Mike Sharland; Yingfen Hsia; Nicola Magrini; Lorenzo Moja; Amani Siyam; Elizabeth Tayler Journal: Bull World Health Organ Date: 2020-01-31 Impact factor: 9.408