Effect of morphine and nalmefene on energy balance in diabetic and non-diabetic rats.

Male rats made diabetic by intravenous injection of streptozotocin were used to evaluate the effect of the diabetic state on morphine- and nalmefene-induced changes in food intake and body weight. Morphine increased 4 hour food intake in non-diabetic rats after an initial injection, but increased intake in diabetic rats only after repeated injections. Unlike short term measurements, morphine decreased food intake when measured over 24 or more hours in both groups. Chronic injection of morphine decreased body weight only in non-diabetic rats. Feed efficiency data suggest that morphine had a more potent effect on energy balance in the non-diabetic rats. The opioid antagonist, nalmefene, did not alter body weight in either group and only altered food intake in the diabetic animals. These data are in concert with other reports indicating that the diabetic state renders animals less responsive to the effects of morphine on nociception and smooth muscle contraction.