Eva Montané1,2, Xavier Castells3. 1. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain. 2. Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 3. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To perform a systematic review of observational studies on the epidemiology of drug-related death (DRD) in patients requiring hospitalisation or while hospitalised (hospital-acquired DRD). METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of observational studies investigating the occurrence rate of DRD episodes among deceased inpatients. Two independent researchers assessed eligibility criteria, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias. Both quality assessment and meta-analysis were performed. RESULTS: From 1,351 identified potential studies, six retrospective studies were included. DRD occurrences rates were 7.3% (CI 95% 4.1 - 12.5) among deceased inpatients and 0.13% (CI 95% 0.04 - 0.40) among hospitalised patients. During hospitalisation, acquired-DRD represented 2.7% (CI 95% 1.0 - 6.9) of inpatient deaths and occurred in 0.05% (CI 95% 0.01 - 0.23) of hospitalised patients. However, these estimates have to be viewed with caution because there was significant heterogeneity (I2 >97%). None of the studies were considered to be at 'high risk of bias' according to the criteria of the NIH Quality Assessment Tool. The most common ADRs related to death were haemorrhages due to antithrombotic drugs (39%, CI 95% 26.5 - 53.2) and infections in drug-immunosuppressed patients (27.5%, CI 95% 16.7 - 41.7). CONCLUSIONS: We found that the DRD occurrence rate of deceased hospital inpatients has been infrequently studied in Europe. Our findings suggest that drugs are an important cause of death in hospitals. The limited number of studies in European countries stresses the need for more research in this area. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
OBJECTIVES: To perform a systematic review of observational studies on the epidemiology of drug-related death (DRD) in patients requiring hospitalisation or while hospitalised (hospital-acquired DRD). METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of observational studies investigating the occurrence rate of DRD episodes among deceased inpatients. Two independent researchers assessed eligibility criteria, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias. Both quality assessment and meta-analysis were performed. RESULTS: From 1,351 identified potential studies, six retrospective studies were included. DRD occurrences rates were 7.3% (CI 95% 4.1 - 12.5) among deceased inpatients and 0.13% (CI 95% 0.04 - 0.40) among hospitalised patients. During hospitalisation, acquired-DRD represented 2.7% (CI 95% 1.0 - 6.9) of inpatient deaths and occurred in 0.05% (CI 95% 0.01 - 0.23) of hospitalised patients. However, these estimates have to be viewed with caution because there was significant heterogeneity (I2 >97%). None of the studies were considered to be at 'high risk of bias' according to the criteria of the NIH Quality Assessment Tool. The most common ADRs related to death were haemorrhages due to antithrombotic drugs (39%, CI 95% 26.5 - 53.2) and infections in drug-immunosuppressed patients (27.5%, CI 95% 16.7 - 41.7). CONCLUSIONS: We found that the DRD occurrence rate of deceased hospital inpatients has been infrequently studied in Europe. Our findings suggest that drugs are an important cause of death in hospitals. The limited number of studies in European countries stresses the need for more research in this area. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.