Roberta Degrandi1, Flavia Prodam2, Giulia Genoni3, Giorgio Bellomo4, Gianni Bona1, Mara Giordano5, Simonetta Bellone1, Alice Monzani1. 1. Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy. 2. Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy. 3. Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy. 4. Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy. 5. Laboratory of Human Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy.
Abstract
METHODS: We enrolled pediatric subjects with developmental dyslexia and, as a control group, healthy age- and sex-matched subjects without developmental dyslexia. Thyroid function was evaluated in subjects with developmental dyslexia measuring serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and free thyroxine (fT4). Thyroid autoimmunity was evaluated in all subjects measuring antithyroid peroxidase (TPO-Ab) and antithyroglobulin (TG-Ab) antibodies. In subjects with developmental dyslexia, thyroid ultrasonography (US) was also performed. RESULTS: We enrolled 51 subjects with developmental dyslexia (M : F = 39 : 12, mean age 12.4 ± 9 years) and 34 controls (M : F = 24 : 10, mean age 10.8 ± 4 years). TPO-Ab positivity was significantly higher in subjects with developmental dyslexia compared to controls (60.8% vs. 2.9%, p < 0.001), while no significant difference was found in TG-Ab positivity (16% vs. 5.8%). Thyroid US performed in 49 subjects with developmental dyslexia revealed a thyroiditis pattern in 60%. CONCLUSIONS: We found an extremely high prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in children with developmental dyslexia. Further studies are needed to confirm our observations, but our findings may change the approach to this disorder and eventually lead to a systematic determination of thyroid autoimmunity in children with developmental dyslexia.
METHODS: We enrolled pediatric subjects with developmental dyslexia and, as a control group, healthy age- and sex-matched subjects without developmental dyslexia. Thyroid function was evaluated in subjects with developmental dyslexia measuring serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and free thyroxine (fT4). Thyroid autoimmunity was evaluated in all subjects measuring antithyroid peroxidase (TPO-Ab) and antithyroglobulin (TG-Ab) antibodies. In subjects with developmental dyslexia, thyroid ultrasonography (US) was also performed. RESULTS: We enrolled 51 subjects with developmental dyslexia (M : F = 39 : 12, mean age 12.4 ± 9 years) and 34 controls (M : F = 24 : 10, mean age 10.8 ± 4 years). TPO-Ab positivity was significantly higher in subjects with developmental dyslexia compared to controls (60.8% vs. 2.9%, p < 0.001), while no significant difference was found in TG-Ab positivity (16% vs. 5.8%). Thyroid US performed in 49 subjects with developmental dyslexia revealed a thyroiditis pattern in 60%. CONCLUSIONS: We found an extremely high prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in children with developmental dyslexia. Further studies are needed to confirm our observations, but our findings may change the approach to this disorder and eventually lead to a systematic determination of thyroid autoimmunity in children with developmental dyslexia.
Authors: A Loviselli; F Velluzzi; P Mossa; M A Cambosu; G Secci; F Atzeni; A Taberlet; A Balestrieri; E Martino; L Grasso; M Songini; G F Bottazzo; S Mariotti Journal: Thyroid Date: 2001-09 Impact factor: 6.568
Authors: Katharina Taubner; Georg Schubert; Ferdinand Pulzer; Roland Pfaeffle; Antje Körner; Andreas Dietz; Joachim Thiery; Wieland Kiess; Jürgen Kratzsch Journal: Clin Biochem Date: 2013-10-05 Impact factor: 3.281
Authors: Michael B Zimmermann; Sonja Y Hess; Luciano Molinari; Bruno De Benoist; François Delange; Lewis E Braverman; Kenji Fujieda; Yoshiya Ito; Pieter L Jooste; Khairya Moosa; Elizabeth N Pearce; Eduardo A Pretell; Yoshimasa Shishiba Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2004-02 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Luiz G Guidi; Antonio Velayos-Baeza; Isabel Martinez-Garay; Anthony P Monaco; Silvia Paracchini; Dorothy V M Bishop; Zoltán Molnár Journal: Eur J Neurosci Date: 2018-10-06 Impact factor: 3.386