Carole Samango-Sprouse1,2,3, Michaela Reiko Brooks4, Patricia Lasutchinkow4, Teresa Sadeghin4, Sherida Powell5, Mary Pat Hamzik4, Sophia Song4, Andrea L Gropman6,7. 1. Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA. cssprouse@email.gwu.edu. 2. Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA. cssprouse@email.gwu.edu. 3. Department of Research, The Focus Foundation, Davidsonville, MD, USA. cssprouse@email.gwu.edu. 4. Department of Research, The Focus Foundation, Davidsonville, MD, USA. 5. Department of Economics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA. 6. Department of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA. 7. Division of Neurogenetics and Developmental Pediatrics, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: 47,XXY is associated with variable neurodevelopmental outcomes including deficits in expressive and receptive language development. Early hormonal treatment (EHT) has been associated with mitigating some deficiencies in boys with 47,XXY. This study investigates these language capabilities of 47,XXY boys in the first five years of life and the associated effects of EHT on these capabilities. METHODS: One hundred and seventy-five boys with 47,XXY between the ages of 0 and 5 years, 11 months completed neurodevelopmental assessments specific to age examining their expressive and receptive language capabilities. Subjects were grouped by treatment (EHT and No-T) and differences were analyzed. RESULTS: In the age groups of under 12 months, 24-35 months, 36-47 months, and 60-71 months, the EHT group scored significantly higher on expressive language assessments than the No-T group (p = 0.09, p = 0.0002, p = 0.009, and p = 0.02, respectively). In the age groups of under 12 months and 24-35 months, the EHT group scored significantly better on the auditory comprehension domain of the PLS-4/5 (p = 0.02 and p = 0.05, respectively) than the No-T group. CONCLUSION: Study data suggest EHT may be essential in optimizing receptive and expressive language development in 47,XXY boys during early childhood, which is critical in fostering reading skills and later academic success.
PURPOSE: 47,XXY is associated with variable neurodevelopmental outcomes including deficits in expressive and receptive language development. Early hormonal treatment (EHT) has been associated with mitigating some deficiencies in boys with 47,XXY. This study investigates these language capabilities of 47,XXY boys in the first five years of life and the associated effects of EHT on these capabilities. METHODS: One hundred and seventy-five boys with 47,XXY between the ages of 0 and 5 years, 11 months completed neurodevelopmental assessments specific to age examining their expressive and receptive language capabilities. Subjects were grouped by treatment (EHT and No-T) and differences were analyzed. RESULTS: In the age groups of under 12 months, 24-35 months, 36-47 months, and 60-71 months, the EHT group scored significantly higher on expressive language assessments than the No-T group (p = 0.09, p = 0.0002, p = 0.009, and p = 0.02, respectively). In the age groups of under 12 months and 24-35 months, the EHT group scored significantly better on the auditory comprehension domain of the PLS-4/5 (p = 0.02 and p = 0.05, respectively) than the No-T group. CONCLUSION: Study data suggest EHT may be essential in optimizing receptive and expressive language development in 47,XXY boys during early childhood, which is critical in fostering reading skills and later academic success.
Authors: A M Andersson; J Toppari; A M Haavisto; J H Petersen; T Simell; O Simell; N E Skakkebaek Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Date: 1998-02 Impact factor: 5.958