Ahmed Yousaf1, Osama J Boustany2, Michael Gerbo2, Shanawar Waris2, Stephen Davis3,4, Wei Fang5, Roxann Powers1. 1. 53422 Department of Dermatology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA. 2. 12355 West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA. 3. 5631 Department of Health Policy, Management & Leadership, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA. 4. 24041 Department of Emergency Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA. 5. West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Granuloma annulare has been linked to diabetes, dyslipidemia, thyroid disease, collagen vascular disease, malignancies, infectious hepatitis, and systemic infections. However, these associations have not been systematically investigated when categorized by its clinical variants. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate disease associations of localized and generalized granuloma annulare. METHODS: In total, 407 granuloma annulare patients from 1989 to 2019 were retrospectively reviewed, categorized by clinical variant (localized or generalized), age (pediatric or adult), and diagnostic method (clinical or histologic). Descriptive statistical analyses and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. Fisher's exact tests were conducted to produce unbiased probability values. RESULTS: Overall, 75.2% of the study sample was female, 47.2% had dyslipidemia, 24.8% were diabetic, and 24.6% had thyroid disease. Dyslipidemia (OR 2.15, CI 1.95-2.35, P < .001), diabetes (OR 1.16, CI 1.01-1.31, P = .041), and histologic diagnosis (OR 2.08, CI 1.21-3.52, P = .007) were associated with increased risk of GGA compared to LGA. When stratified by adult versus pediatric cases, dyslipidemia and diagnostic method remained significant, but diabetes did not. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluating granuloma annulare by its clinical variants may help to determine disease associations with each variant.
BACKGROUND: Granuloma annulare has been linked to diabetes, dyslipidemia, thyroid disease, collagen vascular disease, malignancies, infectious hepatitis, and systemic infections. However, these associations have not been systematically investigated when categorized by its clinical variants. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate disease associations of localized and generalized granuloma annulare. METHODS: In total, 407 granuloma annulare patients from 1989 to 2019 were retrospectively reviewed, categorized by clinical variant (localized or generalized), age (pediatric or adult), and diagnostic method (clinical or histologic). Descriptive statistical analyses and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. Fisher's exact tests were conducted to produce unbiased probability values. RESULTS: Overall, 75.2% of the study sample was female, 47.2% had dyslipidemia, 24.8% were diabetic, and 24.6% had thyroid disease. Dyslipidemia (OR 2.15, CI 1.95-2.35, P < .001), diabetes (OR 1.16, CI 1.01-1.31, P = .041), and histologic diagnosis (OR 2.08, CI 1.21-3.52, P = .007) were associated with increased risk of GGA compared to LGA. When stratified by adult versus pediatric cases, dyslipidemia and diagnostic method remained significant, but diabetes did not. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluating granuloma annulare by its clinical variants may help to determine disease associations with each variant.
Authors: Jeong Hyun Yun; Ji Yeoun Lee; Mi Kyeong Kim; Young Joon Seo; Myung Hwa Kim; Kwang Hyun Cho; Moon Bum Kim; Won Soo Lee; Kwang Hoon Lee; You Chan Kim; Seok Jong Lee; Gwang Seong Choi; Young Ho Won; Chull Wan Ihm; Tae Young Yoon Journal: Ann Dermatol Date: 2009-05-31 Impact factor: 1.444
Authors: Julie E Martin; Andrew J Wagner; George F Murphy; Geraldine S Pinkus; Linda C Wang Journal: J Clin Oncol Date: 2009-09-21 Impact factor: 44.544