Olubunmi R Negedu-Momoh1,2, Oluseyi Balogun1, Ibrahim Dafa1, Akan Etuk3, Edward Adekola Oladele4, Oluwasanmi Adedokun5, Ezekiel James6, Satish R Pandey7, Hadiza Khamofu4, Titi Badru5, Janet Robinson8, Timothy D Mastro9, Kwasi Torpey10. 1. Laboratory services and HSS Department, FHI 360, Abuja, Nigeria. 2. Global Public Health Department, IHR Strengthening Programme, Public Health England, Abuja, Nigeria. 3. Laboratory Services Department, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria. 4. Prevention, Care and Treatment Department, FHI 360, Abuja, Nigeria. 5. Monitoring and Evaluation Department, FHI 360, Abuja, Nigeria. 6. Office of the HIV/AIDS and TB, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Abuja, Nigeria. 7. Program Management Department, FHI 360, Abuja, Nigeria. 8. Infectious Diseases and Health Systems, FHI 360, Durham, NC, USA. 9. FHI 360, Durham, NC, USA. 10. College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: HIV incidence estimates are important to characterize the status of an epidemic, identify locations and populations at high risk and to guide and evaluate HIV prevention interventions. We used the limiting antigen avidity assay (LAg) as part of a recent infection testing algorithm to estimate HIV incidence in the Akwa Ibom AIDS Indicator Survey (AKAIS), Nigeria. METHODS: In 2017, AKAIS, a cross-sectional population-based study was conducted at the household (HH) level in 31 local government areas (LGAs) of Akwa Ibom state. Of the 8963 participants aged ≥15 years who were administered questionnaires for demographic and behavioural data, 8306 consented to HIV rapid testing. Whole-blood specimens were collected from 394 preliminary HIV-seropositive individuals for CD4+ cell count determination and plasma storage. Samples were shipped to a central quality laboratory for HIV confirmatory testing and viral load determination. A total of 370 HIV-positive specimens were tested for the recent HIV infection using the LAg assay. RESULTS: Of the 8306 consenting adults, the HIV prevalence was 4.8%. Of the 370 HIV-positive samples tested for HIV recency, the median age was 35 years, 48.8% had CD4+ cell count >500/mm3 and 81.3% was not virally suppressed. Viral suppression was greater among females (21%) than for males (13%). A total of 11 specimens were classified as recent based on the LAg assay and HIV viral load ≥1000 copies/mL. The weighted, adjusted HIV-1 incidence was 0.41/100 person-years (95% CI 0.16 to 0.66); translating to 13,000 new cases of HIV infections annually in Akwa Ibom, a state with a population of 5.5 million. The HIV incidence rate was similar in females and males (0.41% and 0.42% respectively). The incidence rate was the highest among participants aged 15 to 49 years (0.44%, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.74) translating to 11,000 new infections annually, about 85% of all new infections in the state. CONCLUSIONS: The finding of the high HIV incidence among the 15 to 49-year age group calls for renewed and innovative efforts to prevent HIV infection among young adults in Akwa Ibom state.
INTRODUCTION: HIV incidence estimates are important to characterize the status of an epidemic, identify locations and populations at high risk and to guide and evaluate HIV prevention interventions. We used the limiting antigen avidity assay (LAg) as part of a recent infection testing algorithm to estimate HIV incidence in the Akwa Ibom AIDS Indicator Survey (AKAIS), Nigeria. METHODS: In 2017, AKAIS, a cross-sectional population-based study was conducted at the household (HH) level in 31 local government areas (LGAs) of Akwa Ibom state. Of the 8963 participants aged ≥15 years who were administered questionnaires for demographic and behavioural data, 8306 consented to HIV rapid testing. Whole-blood specimens were collected from 394 preliminary HIV-seropositive individuals for CD4+ cell count determination and plasma storage. Samples were shipped to a central quality laboratory for HIV confirmatory testing and viral load determination. A total of 370 HIV-positive specimens were tested for the recent HIV infection using the LAg assay. RESULTS: Of the 8306 consenting adults, the HIV prevalence was 4.8%. Of the 370 HIV-positive samples tested for HIV recency, the median age was 35 years, 48.8% had CD4+ cell count >500/mm3 and 81.3% was not virally suppressed. Viral suppression was greater among females (21%) than for males (13%). A total of 11 specimens were classified as recent based on the LAg assay and HIV viral load ≥1000 copies/mL. The weighted, adjusted HIV-1 incidence was 0.41/100 person-years (95% CI 0.16 to 0.66); translating to 13,000 new cases of HIV infections annually in Akwa Ibom, a state with a population of 5.5 million. The HIV incidence rate was similar in females and males (0.41% and 0.42% respectively). The incidence rate was the highest among participants aged 15 to 49 years (0.44%, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.74) translating to 11,000 new infections annually, about 85% of all new infections in the state. CONCLUSIONS: The finding of the high HIV incidence among the 15 to 49-year age group calls for renewed and innovative efforts to prevent HIV infection among young adults in Akwa Ibom state.
Authors: Briana A Lynch; Eshan U Patel; Colleen R Courtney; Aubin J Nanfack; Jude Bimela; Xiaohong Wang; Issa Eid; Thomas C Quinn; Oliver Laeyendecker; Phillipe N Nyambi; Ralf Duerr; Andrew D Redd Journal: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses Date: 2017-08-07 Impact factor: 2.205
Authors: Yen T Duong; Maofeng Qiu; Anindya K De; Keisha Jackson; Trudy Dobbs; Andrea A Kim; John N Nkengasong; Bharat S Parekh Journal: PLoS One Date: 2012-03-27 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Shelley N Facente; Eduard Grebe; Andrew D Maher; Douglas Fox; Susan Scheer; Mary Mahy; Shona Dalal; David Lowrance; Kimberly Marsh Journal: JMIR Public Health Surveill Date: 2022-03-11