Claudio Liguori1,2, Riccardo Cremascoli3, Michelangelo Maestri4, Mariana Fernandes5, Francesca Izzi5, Gloria Tognoni4, Federica Scarpina3, Gabriele Siciliano4, Nicola Biagio Mercuri5,6,7, Lorenzo Priano3, Enrica Bonanni4, Fabio Placidi5,6. 1. Sleep Medicine Centre, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy. dott.claudioliguori@yahoo.it. 2. Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy. dott.claudioliguori@yahoo.it. 3. Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piancavallo, Italy. 4. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. 5. Sleep Medicine Centre, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy. 6. Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy. 7. IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The main aim of the present study was to identify the long-term effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in patients co-affected by obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (ADD). METHODS: This retrospective multicentre study included patients affected by MCI or ADD, diagnosed according to the core clinical and biomarkers criteria, and presenting comorbid OSAS. Only patients performing at least a 1-year visit during their follow-up to monitor cognitive deterioration and adherence with CPAP treatment were included. Both Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and clinical dementia rating scale (CDR) were conducted during the baseline and the follow-up visits. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients were included in the study and were distributed according to the diagnosis in MCI (n = 8) or ADD (n = 16). There were no significant differences in the variables analysed at baseline between the CPAP non-adherent and CPAP adherent patients. In the whole group, a significant decrease was found in MMSE scores, and a significant increase was found in CDR scores between baseline and follow-up. No longitudinal changes in ESS scores were statistically significant from baseline to follow-up. A significant difference was found for the mean score change of the CDR since CPAP non-adherent patients showed a higher mean change of CDR compared to CPAP adherent patients. No significant differences were found for the mean change of MMSE. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the clinical potential of treating OSAS with CPAP to delay cognitive deterioration in patients with MCI or ADD.
PURPOSE: The main aim of the present study was to identify the long-term effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in patients co-affected by obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (ADD). METHODS: This retrospective multicentre study included patients affected by MCI or ADD, diagnosed according to the core clinical and biomarkers criteria, and presenting comorbid OSAS. Only patients performing at least a 1-year visit during their follow-up to monitor cognitive deterioration and adherence with CPAP treatment were included. Both Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and clinical dementia rating scale (CDR) were conducted during the baseline and the follow-up visits. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients were included in the study and were distributed according to the diagnosis in MCI (n = 8) or ADD (n = 16). There were no significant differences in the variables analysed at baseline between the CPAP non-adherent and CPAP adherent patients. In the whole group, a significant decrease was found in MMSE scores, and a significant increase was found in CDR scores between baseline and follow-up. No longitudinal changes in ESS scores were statistically significant from baseline to follow-up. A significant difference was found for the mean score change of the CDR since CPAP non-adherent patients showed a higher mean change of CDR compared to CPAP adherent patients. No significant differences were found for the mean change of MMSE. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the clinical potential of treating OSAS with CPAP to delay cognitive deterioration in patients with MCI or ADD.
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