| Literature DB >> 33619606 |
D Runggaldier1,2,3, J Hente4,5, M Brockmann-Bauser6,5, D Pohl4,5, J E Bohlender6,5.
Abstract
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is defined as backflow of gastral or gastroduodenal content into the upper aerodigestive tract and characterized by a variety of unspecific symptoms such as chronic cough, globus sensation, or mucus hypersecretion. Due to the lack of a gold standard and the heterogeneity of studies, the diagnosis of LPR is still problematic and challenging. However, in patients with characteristic symptoms and endoscopic findings, with an increased reflux symptom index, a pathologic reflux finding score (RFS), pathologic 24 h esophageal or oropharyngeal pH monitoring, and without any other underlying condition, the diagnosis of LPR is probable. In the following review, we critically discuss the abovementioned methods as well as more recent tools such as measurements of pepsin concentrations in the saliva for diagnosis of LPR.Entities:
Keywords: Esophageal 24-hour pH impedance Reflux Monitoring; Oropharyngeal 24h pH Monitoring (Restech); Pepsin; Reflux Finding Score (RFS); Reflux Symptom Index (RSI)
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2021 PMID: 33619606 PMCID: PMC8545736 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-021-01006-3
Source DB: PubMed Journal: HNO ISSN: 0017-6192 Impact factor: 1.284
| The Reflux Symptom Index | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Within the last month, how did the following problems affect you? | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Hoarseness or a problem with your voice | ||||||
| Clearing your throat | ||||||
| Excess throat mucus or postnasal drip | ||||||
| Difficulty swallowing food, liquids or pills | ||||||
| Coughing after you ate or after lying down | ||||||
| Breathing difficulties or chocking episodes | ||||||
| Troublesome or annoying cough | ||||||
| Sensation of something sticking in your throat or a lump in your throat | ||||||
| Heartburn, chest pain, indigestion or stomach acid coming up | ||||||
| Reflux Symptom Score | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Within the last month, I suffered from one or several followed symptoms: | Disorder Frequency | Disorder Severity | Quality of life impact |
| Hoarseness or voice problem | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 |
| Throat pain or pain during swallowing time | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 |
| Difficulty swallowing (pills, liquids or solid foods) | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 |
| Clearing your throat | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 |
| Sensation of something sticking in the throat | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 |
| Excess mucus in the throat or post nasal drip sensation | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 |
| Halitosis | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 |
| Heartburn, stomach acid coming up, regurgitations | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 |
| Abdominal pain or diarrheas | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 |
| Indigestion, abdominal distension or flatus | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 |
| Cough after eating or lying down or daytime cough | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 |
| Breathing difficulties, breathlessness or wheezing | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 | 0‑1-2-3-4‑5 |
| – | – | ||
| Reflux Finding Score | |
|---|---|
| Subglottic edema | 0 = absent |
| 2 = present | |
| Ventricular obstruction | 0 = absent |
| 2 = present | |
| 4 = complete | |
| Erythema/hyperemia | 0 = absent |
| 2 = arytenoid only | |
| 4 = diffuse | |
| Vocal fold edema | 0 = absent |
| 1 = mild | |
| 2 = moderate | |
| 3 = severe | |
| 4 = polypoid | |
| Diffuse laryngeal edema | 0 = absent |
| 1 = mild | |
| 2 = moderate | |
| 3 = severe | |
| 4 = obstructing | |
| Posterior commissure hypertrophy | 1 = mild |
| 2 = moderate | |
| 3 = severe | |
| Granuloma/granulation tissue | 0 = absent |
| 2 = present | |
| Thick endolaryngeal mucus | 0 = absent |
| 2 = present | |


