Emanuelle C S Santiago1, Anna K C Roriz1, Lílian B Ramos1, Andrêa J F Ferreira1, Carolina C Oliveira1, Mansueto Gomes-Neto1. 1. E.C.S. Santiago and M. Gomes-Neto are with the Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. E.C.S. Santiago, A.K.C. Roriz, L.B. Ramos, A.J.F. Ferreira, C.C. Oliveira, and M. Gomes-Neto are with the Aging-Related Research and Intervention Center, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. A.K.C. Roriz and L.B. Ramos are with the Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. A.J.F. Ferreira is with the Institute of Public Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. C.C. Oliveira is with the Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil. M. Gomes-Neto is with the Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Abstract
CONTEXT: Sarcopenia, besides having an impact on functional capacity, has been associated with increased hospitalization and mortality, and stands out as an essential cause of disability among older people. OBJECTIVE: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies comparing the calories and nutrients ingested by elderly people with and without sarcopenia. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, Cochrane Library, and Scielo databases were searched. STUDY SELECTION: Studies comparing calories and nutrient intake among elderly people diagnosed with sarcopenia and people without sarcopenia were included. DATA ANALYSIS: Mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and heterogeneity was assessed using I2 test. RESULTS: A total of 23 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The average number of calories and nutrients ingested were significantly lower in elderly study participants with sarcopenia compared with those without sarcopenia. The meta-analyses showed that the average number of calories ingested (n = 19 studies; mean difference, -156.7 kcal; 95%CI, -194.8 to -118.7) were significantly lower in those with sarcopenia than in elderly participants without sarcopenia. Compared to those without sarcopenia, elderly people with sarcopenia consumed lower amounts of proteins; carbohydrates; saturated fatty acids; vitamins A, B12, C, and D; and minerals such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, and selenium. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence so far available suggests a difference in caloric, macronutrient (ie, proteins, carbohydrates, saturated fatty acids), and micronutrient (ie calcium, magnesium, sodium, selenium, and vitamins A, B12, C, and D) intake among the elderly with and without sarcopenia. Additional studies are needed to define the best interventions to improve the consumption of calories and nutrients by the aging population.
CONTEXT: Sarcopenia, besides having an impact on functional capacity, has been associated with increased hospitalization and mortality, and stands out as an essential cause of disability among older people. OBJECTIVE: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies comparing the calories and nutrients ingested by elderly people with and without sarcopenia. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, Cochrane Library, and Scielo databases were searched. STUDY SELECTION: Studies comparing calories and nutrient intake among elderly people diagnosed with sarcopenia and people without sarcopenia were included. DATA ANALYSIS: Mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and heterogeneity was assessed using I2 test. RESULTS: A total of 23 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The average number of calories and nutrients ingested were significantly lower in elderly study participants with sarcopenia compared with those without sarcopenia. The meta-analyses showed that the average number of calories ingested (n = 19 studies; mean difference, -156.7 kcal; 95%CI, -194.8 to -118.7) were significantly lower in those with sarcopenia than in elderly participants without sarcopenia. Compared to those without sarcopenia, elderly people with sarcopenia consumed lower amounts of proteins; carbohydrates; saturated fatty acids; vitamins A, B12, C, and D; and minerals such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, and selenium. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence so far available suggests a difference in caloric, macronutrient (ie, proteins, carbohydrates, saturated fatty acids), and micronutrient (ie calcium, magnesium, sodium, selenium, and vitamins A, B12, C, and D) intake among the elderly with and without sarcopenia. Additional studies are needed to define the best interventions to improve the consumption of calories and nutrients by the aging population.