Adam Staszny1, Peter Dobosy2, Gabor Maasz3,4, Zoltan Szalai5,6, Gergely Jakab5,6,7, Zsolt Pirger3, Jozsef Szeberenyi5, Eva Molnar3, Lilianna Olimpia Pap1, Vera Juhasz1, Andras Weiperth1, Bela Urbanyi8, Attila Csaba Kondor5, Arpad Ferincz1. 1. Department of Freshwater Fish Ecology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary. 2. Danube Research Institute, MTA-Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary. 3. Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA-Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, Hungary. 4. Soós Ernő Research and Development Center, University of Pannonia, Nagykanizsa, Hungary. 5. Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budapest, Hungary. 6. Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. 7. Institute of Geography and Geoinformatics, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, Hungary. 8. Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In recent years, there are growing concerns about pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in natural ecosystems. These compounds have been found in natural waters and in fish tissues worldwide. Regarding their growing distribution and abundance, it is becoming clear that traditionally used risk assessment methodologies and ecotoxicological studies have limitations in several respects. In our study a new, combined approach of environmental impact assesment of PhACs has been used. METHODS: In this study, the constant watercourses of the suburban region of the Hungarian capital (Budapest) were sampled, and the body shape and scale shape of three fish species (roach Rutilus rutilus, chub Squalius cephalus, gibel carp Carassius gibelio) found in these waters were analyzed, based on landmark-based geometric morphometric methods. Possible connections were made between the differences in body shape and scale shape, and abiotic environmental variables (local- and landscape-scale) and measured PhACs. RESULTS: Significant connections were found between shape and PhACs concentrations in several cases. Despite the relatively large number of compounds (54) detected, citalopram, propranolol, codeine and trimetazidine significantly affected only fish body and scale shape, based on their concentrations. These four PhACs were shown to be high (citalopram), medium (propranolol and codeine), and low (trimetazidine) risk levels during the environmental risk assessment, which were based on Risk Quotient calculation. Furthermore, seven PhACs (diclofenac, Estrone (E1), tramadol, caffeine 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2), 17α-Estradiol (aE2), Estriol (E3)) were also categorized with a high risk level. However, our morphological studies indicated that only citalopram was found to affect fish phenotype amongst the PhACs posing high risk. Therefore, our results revealed that the output of (traditional) environmental/ecological risk assessment based on ecotoxicological data of different aquatic organisms not necessarily show consistency with a "real-life" situation; furthermore, the morphological investigations may also be a good sub-lethal endpoint in ecotoxicological assessments.
BACKGROUND: In recent years, there are growing concerns about pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in natural ecosystems. These compounds have been found in natural waters and in fish tissues worldwide. Regarding their growing distribution and abundance, it is becoming clear that traditionally used risk assessment methodologies and ecotoxicological studies have limitations in several respects. In our study a new, combined approach of environmental impact assesment of PhACs has been used. METHODS: In this study, the constant watercourses of the suburban region of the Hungarian capital (Budapest) were sampled, and the body shape and scale shape of three fish species (roach Rutilus rutilus, chub Squalius cephalus, gibel carp Carassius gibelio) found in these waters were analyzed, based on landmark-based geometric morphometric methods. Possible connections were made between the differences in body shape and scale shape, and abiotic environmental variables (local- and landscape-scale) and measured PhACs. RESULTS: Significant connections were found between shape and PhACs concentrations in several cases. Despite the relatively large number of compounds (54) detected, citalopram, propranolol, codeine and trimetazidine significantly affected only fish body and scale shape, based on their concentrations. These four PhACs were shown to be high (citalopram), medium (propranolol and codeine), and low (trimetazidine) risk levels during the environmental risk assessment, which were based on Risk Quotient calculation. Furthermore, seven PhACs (diclofenac, Estrone (E1), tramadol, caffeine 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2), 17α-Estradiol (aE2), Estriol (E3)) were also categorized with a high risk level. However, our morphological studies indicated that only citalopram was found to affect fish phenotype amongst the PhACs posing high risk. Therefore, our results revealed that the output of (traditional) environmental/ecological risk assessment based on ecotoxicological data of different aquatic organisms not necessarily show consistency with a "real-life" situation; furthermore, the morphological investigations may also be a good sub-lethal endpoint in ecotoxicological assessments.
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Authors: Patrícia Rebelo; João G Pacheco; Iuliia V Voroshylova; Isabel Seguro; Maria Natália D S Cordeiro; Cristina Delerue-Matos Journal: Molecules Date: 2022-05-21 Impact factor: 4.927