Nicholas Cuvelier1, Scott M Bartell2,3,4. 1. Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. ncuvelie@uci.edu. 2. Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. 3. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. 4. Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Water consumption is a necessity for human life, though it also presents an opportunity for exposure to harmful chemicals and toxins. In order to gain a better understanding of the potential levels of chronic exposure, accurate estimates of long-term water consumption are needed. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to estimate long-term water consumption using a nationally representative sample of the US population. METHODS: In this study, we use a random effects model to obtain shrinkage estimates of average daily water consumption for National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants from 2005 to 2010, and compare to their empirical 2-day averages. RESULTS: Our results demonstrate that the shrinkage estimates yielded a reduction in estimated mean water consumption. The 95th percentile was reduced from 3292 to 2529 ml/day. In addition, standard deviation of water consumption for this group decreased from 1052 to 688 ml/day. Similar reductions in the mean and variance were observed stratifying by age and race. SIGNIFICANCE: Random effects models may provide a more accurate measure of daily water consumption and could be utilized for future exposure and risk assessments.
BACKGROUND: Water consumption is a necessity for human life, though it also presents an opportunity for exposure to harmful chemicals and toxins. In order to gain a better understanding of the potential levels of chronic exposure, accurate estimates of long-term water consumption are needed. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to estimate long-term water consumption using a nationally representative sample of the US population. METHODS: In this study, we use a random effects model to obtain shrinkage estimates of average daily water consumption for National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants from 2005 to 2010, and compare to their empirical 2-day averages. RESULTS: Our results demonstrate that the shrinkage estimates yielded a reduction in estimated mean water consumption. The 95th percentile was reduced from 3292 to 2529 ml/day. In addition, standard deviation of water consumption for this group decreased from 1052 to 688 ml/day. Similar reductions in the mean and variance were observed stratifying by age and race. SIGNIFICANCE: Random effects models may provide a more accurate measure of daily water consumption and could be utilized for future exposure and risk assessments.
Authors: Alissa Cordner; Vanessa Y De La Rosa; Laurel A Schaider; Ruthann A Rudel; Lauren Richter; Phil Brown Journal: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol Date: 2019-01-08 Impact factor: 5.563
Authors: Elsie M Sunderland; Xindi C Hu; Clifton Dassuncao; Andrea K Tokranov; Charlotte C Wagner; Joseph G Allen Journal: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol Date: 2018-11-23 Impact factor: 5.563