Eugenia Millender1, John P Barile2, Jessica R Bagneris3, Rachel M Harris4, Ludmila De Faria5, Frank Y Wong6, Cindy A Crusto7, Jacquelyn Y Taylor8. 1. Center for Population Sciences and Health Equity Associate Professor, College of Nursing, Florida State University, 2010 Levy Ave., Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States of America. Electronic address: emillender@fsu.edu. 2. Department of Psychology, the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2530 Dole St., Sakamaki Hall C404, Honolulu, HI 96822-2294, United States of America. Electronic address: barile@hawaii.edu. 3. Center for Population Sciences and Health Equity Associate Professor, College of Nursing, Florida State University, 2010 Levy Ave., Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States of America. Electronic address: jbagneris@my.fsu.edu. 4. Center for Population Sciences and Health Equity Associate Professor, College of Nursing, Florida State University, 2010 Levy Ave., Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States of America. Electronic address: rmh08@my.fsu.edu. 5. Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, United States of America. Electronic address: l.barbosadefaria@ufl.edu. 6. Center for Population Sciences and Health Equity Associate Professor, College of Nursing, Florida State University, 2010 Levy Ave., Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States of America. Electronic address: fwong@fsu.edu. 7. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St, New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Pretoria, cnr Lynwood Road and Roper Street, Hatfield Pretoria 0002, South Africa. Electronic address: cindy.crusto@yale.edu. 8. Columbia University School of Nursing and Center for Research on People of Color, 560 W 168th Street, Room 605, New York, New York 10032, United States of America. Electronic address: jyt2116@cumc.columbia.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The association between symptoms of depression and risks for cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains equivocal for African American (AA) mothers. We examined the association between social determinants of health (perceived discrimination), and cardiovascular risk (BMI) on symptoms of depression in a sample of young AA mothers. METHODS: Secondary data from 219 adult AA mothers between the ages of 21 and 46 with an average BMI of 29.8 and yearly family income of $14,999 were analyzed using a latent growth model that evaluated four time points to assess changes in symptoms of depression. RESULTS: Initial BMI was significantly associated with initial symptoms of depression (b = 0.12, p = .019). Perceived discrimination (unfair treatment) was associated with higher initial symptoms of depression (b = 1.14, p = .017). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that elevated BMI and perceived discrimination are associated with higher reported symptoms of depression among young, socioeconomically disadvantaged AA mothers. These results advance the scientific understanding of young AA mothers' risk for symptoms of depression and CVD by elucidating the impact of perceived discrimination and social experiences on mental health. Further studies of SDoH and CVD risk factors and perceived racism and depression are needed to shed light on the long-term mental health impact on AA mothers and their children.
PURPOSE: The association between symptoms of depression and risks for cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains equivocal for African American (AA) mothers. We examined the association between social determinants of health (perceived discrimination), and cardiovascular risk (BMI) on symptoms of depression in a sample of young AA mothers. METHODS: Secondary data from 219 adult AA mothers between the ages of 21 and 46 with an average BMI of 29.8 and yearly family income of $14,999 were analyzed using a latent growth model that evaluated four time points to assess changes in symptoms of depression. RESULTS: Initial BMI was significantly associated with initial symptoms of depression (b = 0.12, p = .019). Perceived discrimination (unfair treatment) was associated with higher initial symptoms of depression (b = 1.14, p = .017). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that elevated BMI and perceived discrimination are associated with higher reported symptoms of depression among young, socioeconomically disadvantaged AA mothers. These results advance the scientific understanding of young AA mothers' risk for symptoms of depression and CVD by elucidating the impact of perceived discrimination and social experiences on mental health. Further studies of SDoH and CVD risk factors and perceived racism and depression are needed to shed light on the long-term mental health impact on AA mothers and their children.
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