Pauline Dawson1, Jean Hay-Smith2, Chrys Jaye3, Robin Gauld4, Benoit Auvray5. 1. Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Electronic address: pauline.dawson@otago.ac.nz. 2. Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Rehabilitation Teaching and Research Unit, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand. 3. Department of General Practice and Rural Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. 4. Otago Business School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Centre for Health Systems and Technology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. 5. Iris Data Science, Dunedin, New Zealand; Airmed Limited, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Birthing outcomes in New Zealand are demonstrably inequitable based on governmental reports and research. However, the last Ministry of Health maternal satisfaction survey in 2014 indicated that 77% of women were satisfied or very satisfied with care. This study used data from the maternal satisfaction survey to examine aspects of inequity in reported satisfaction with care. METHODS: Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to infer latent variables of satisfaction with equity domains from responses to the satisfaction survey. Additional data (residential location and deprivation score), not used in the Ministry of Health primary analysis, were provided and included in this modelling. RESULTS: SEM showed that satisfaction was not equitably distributed. Younger women, those from areas of high socio-economic deprivation, and remote rural women were most likely to be affected by dissatisfaction associated with physical access, cultural care, information provided, and/or barriers to equity associated with additional costs (all p<0.05). Financial burden of additional costs was also unevenly distributed. CONCLUSION: While these findings are congruent with other research on the association between social determinants and maternal satisfaction, it is concerning that they remain sources of inequity in New Zealand twenty years after they were first identified as priorities to address. On the basis of this study, urgent attention needs to be paid to removing sources of inequity within the health system and maternity care in particular.
BACKGROUND: Birthing outcomes in New Zealand are demonstrably inequitable based on governmental reports and research. However, the last Ministry of Health maternal satisfaction survey in 2014 indicated that 77% of women were satisfied or very satisfied with care. This study used data from the maternal satisfaction survey to examine aspects of inequity in reported satisfaction with care. METHODS: Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to infer latent variables of satisfaction with equity domains from responses to the satisfaction survey. Additional data (residential location and deprivation score), not used in the Ministry of Health primary analysis, were provided and included in this modelling. RESULTS: SEM showed that satisfaction was not equitably distributed. Younger women, those from areas of high socio-economic deprivation, and remote rural women were most likely to be affected by dissatisfaction associated with physical access, cultural care, information provided, and/or barriers to equity associated with additional costs (all p<0.05). Financial burden of additional costs was also unevenly distributed. CONCLUSION: While these findings are congruent with other research on the association between social determinants and maternal satisfaction, it is concerning that they remain sources of inequity in New Zealand twenty years after they were first identified as priorities to address. On the basis of this study, urgent attention needs to be paid to removing sources of inequity within the health system and maternity care in particular.