Radwan El Othman1, Elsie Touma1, Rola El Othman2, Chadia Haddad3,4, Rabih Hallit1, Sahar Obeid3,5,6, Pascale Salameh5,7,8, Souheil Hallit1,6. 1. Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon. 2. Department of Pediatrics, Bahman Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon. 3. Research and Psychology Departments, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon. 4. INSERM, Univ. Limoges, CH Esquirol Limoges, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France. 5. Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon. 6. INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie - Liban, Beirut, Lebanon. 7. Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon. 8. Faculty of Medicine, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate depression, stress, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive behaviours in the Lebanese population in response to COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and April 2020 on 386 participants randomly recruited from Lebanese general population. RESULTS: Following the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon compared to was not significantly associated with higher stress, higher depression, lower obsessive-compulsive traits, higher anxiety. Moreover, higher compulsion (Beta = 0.092), having a university level of education (Beta = 0.573), intermediate income (Beta = 1.889), following the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon all of the time (Beta = 7.064), most of the time (Beta = 5.592), sometimes (Beta = 4.235) and little of the time (Beta = 7.676) were significantly associated with a higher hygienic prevention practices score. Higher age (Beta = -0.051), being a male (Beta = -1.432), higher depression (Beta = -0.083) and practicing religion some of the time (Beta = -0.826) were significantly associated with a lower hygienic prevention practices score. CONCLUSION: This study found a strong interrelationship between psychological stress, depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive traits during the COVID-19 pandemic and identified the most vulnerable sub-groups in the Lebanese population. Additional measures should be deployed by health authorities in Lebanon and worldwide to face the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health.Key pointsFollowing the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon compared to not was significantly associated with higher stress, higher depression, lower obsessive-compulsive disorder, higher anxiety.Higher compulsion, having a university level of education, following the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon were significantly associated with a higher hygienic prevention practices score.Higher depression, male gender, and practicing religion some of the time were significantly associated with a lower hygienic prevention practices score.Additional measures should be deployed by health authorities in Lebanon and worldwide to face the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate depression, stress, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive behaviours in the Lebanese population in response to COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and April 2020 on 386 participants randomly recruited from Lebanese general population. RESULTS: Following the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon compared to was not significantly associated with higher stress, higher depression, lower obsessive-compulsive traits, higher anxiety. Moreover, higher compulsion (Beta = 0.092), having a university level of education (Beta = 0.573), intermediate income (Beta = 1.889), following the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon all of the time (Beta = 7.064), most of the time (Beta = 5.592), sometimes (Beta = 4.235) and little of the time (Beta = 7.676) were significantly associated with a higher hygienic prevention practices score. Higher age (Beta = -0.051), being a male (Beta = -1.432), higher depression (Beta = -0.083) and practicing religion some of the time (Beta = -0.826) were significantly associated with a lower hygienic prevention practices score. CONCLUSION: This study found a strong interrelationship between psychological stress, depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive traits during the COVID-19 pandemic and identified the most vulnerable sub-groups in the Lebanese population. Additional measures should be deployed by health authorities in Lebanon and worldwide to face the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health.Key pointsFollowing the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon compared to not was significantly associated with higher stress, higher depression, lower obsessive-compulsive disorder, higher anxiety.Higher compulsion, having a university level of education, following the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon were significantly associated with a higher hygienic prevention practices score.Higher depression, male gender, and practicing religion some of the time were significantly associated with a lower hygienic prevention practices score.Additional measures should be deployed by health authorities in Lebanon and worldwide to face the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health.