OBJECTIVE: Nearly half of individuals living with HIV in the USA are now 50 or older. This rapidly ageing populace may be at an increasingly greater risk of Alzheimer's disease. However, the potential interaction between HIV-disease and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis (i.e. Alzheimer's disease genetic risk factors) on brain function remains an open question. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of APOE ε4 on brain function in middle-aged to older people with HIV (PWH), as well as the putative interaction between ε4 and HIV disease severity. METHODS: Ninety-nine PWH participated in a cross-sectional study (56.3 ± 6.5 years, range 41-70 years, 27 women, 26 ε4 carriers and 73 noncarriers). Structural MRI and resting-state functional MRI were collected to assess alterations in brain structure and functional connectivity, respectively. RESULTS: APOE ε4 was associated with worse memory performance and reduced functional connectivity in the memory network. The functional connectivity reduction was centred at the caudate nucleus rather than hippocampus and correlated with worse memory performance. In ε4 carriers, low CD4+ cell count nadir was associated with reduced functional connectivity in the memory network, but this association was absent in noncarriers. Furthermore, there was an indirect detrimental impact of ε4 on memory performance through memory network functional connectivity. However, this indirect effect was contingent on CD4+ cell count nadir, that is the indirect effect of ε4 on memory was only significant when CD4+ cell count nadir was low. INTERPRETATION: APOE ε4 is associated with reduced memory and reduced functional connectivity within the memory network, and low CD4+ cell count nadir -- indicating a history of severe immunosuppression -- may exacerbate the effects of ε4.
OBJECTIVE: Nearly half of individuals living with HIV in the USA are now 50 or older. This rapidly ageing populace may be at an increasingly greater risk of Alzheimer's disease. However, the potential interaction between HIV-disease and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis (i.e. Alzheimer's disease genetic risk factors) on brain function remains an open question. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of APOE ε4 on brain function in middle-aged to older people with HIV (PWH), as well as the putative interaction between ε4 and HIV disease severity. METHODS: Ninety-nine PWH participated in a cross-sectional study (56.3 ± 6.5 years, range 41-70 years, 27 women, 26 ε4 carriers and 73 noncarriers). Structural MRI and resting-state functional MRI were collected to assess alterations in brain structure and functional connectivity, respectively. RESULTS: APOE ε4 was associated with worse memory performance and reduced functional connectivity in the memory network. The functional connectivity reduction was centred at the caudate nucleus rather than hippocampus and correlated with worse memory performance. In ε4 carriers, low CD4+ cell count nadir was associated with reduced functional connectivity in the memory network, but this association was absent in noncarriers. Furthermore, there was an indirect detrimental impact of ε4 on memory performance through memory network functional connectivity. However, this indirect effect was contingent on CD4+ cell count nadir, that is the indirect effect of ε4 on memory was only significant when CD4+ cell count nadir was low. INTERPRETATION: APOE ε4 is associated with reduced memory and reduced functional connectivity within the memory network, and low CD4+ cell count nadir -- indicating a history of severe immunosuppression -- may exacerbate the effects of ε4.
Authors: Stephen A Spector; Kumud K Singh; Saurabh Gupta; Lucette A Cystique; Hua Jin; Scott Letendre; Rachel Schrier; Zunyou Wu; Kun X Hong; Xin Yu; Chuan Shi; Robert K Heaton Journal: AIDS Date: 2010-06-19 Impact factor: 4.177
Authors: Sarah M Israel; Shiva Hassanzadeh-Behbahani; Peter E Turkeltaub; David J Moore; Ronald J Ellis; Xiong Jiang Journal: Hum Brain Mapp Date: 2019-03-28 Impact factor: 5.038
Authors: Victor Valcour; Priscilla Yee; Andrew E Williams; Bruce Shiramizu; Michael Watters; Ola Selnes; Robert Paul; Cecilia Shikuma; Ned Sacktor Journal: J Neurovirol Date: 2006-10 Impact factor: 2.643
Authors: R K Heaton; D B Clifford; D R Franklin; S P Woods; C Ake; F Vaida; R J Ellis; S L Letendre; T D Marcotte; J H Atkinson; M Rivera-Mindt; O R Vigil; M J Taylor; A C Collier; C M Marra; B B Gelman; J C McArthur; S Morgello; D M Simpson; J A McCutchan; I Abramson; A Gamst; C Fennema-Notestine; T L Jernigan; J Wong; I Grant Journal: Neurology Date: 2010-12-07 Impact factor: 9.910
Authors: John A Joska; Marc Combrinck; Victor G Valcour; Jacqueline Hoare; Felicity Leisegang; Anna Cecilia Mahne; Landon Myer; Dan J Stein Journal: J Neurovirol Date: 2010-10 Impact factor: 2.643
Authors: David J Moore; Eliezer Masliah; Julie D Rippeth; Raul Gonzalez; Catherine L Carey; Mariana Cherner; Ronald J Ellis; Cristian L Achim; Thomas D Marcotte; Robert K Heaton; Igor Grant Journal: AIDS Date: 2006-04-04 Impact factor: 4.177
Authors: K Blackstone; D J Moore; D R Franklin; D B Clifford; A C Collier; C M Marra; B B Gelman; J C McArthur; S Morgello; D M Simpson; R J Ellis; J H Atkinson; I Grant; R K Heaton Journal: Clin Neuropsychol Date: 2012-06-18 Impact factor: 3.535
Authors: Xiong Jiang; Sophia Dahmani; Margarita Bronshteyn; Fan Nils Yang; John Paul Ryan; R Craig Gallagher; Srikanth R Damera; Princy N Kumar; David J Moore; Ronald J Ellis; Peter E Turkeltaub Journal: PLoS One Date: 2022-06-03 Impact factor: 3.752