Andrée-Ann Baril1, Marie-Ève Martineau-Dussault2,3, Erlan Sanchez2,4, Claire André5,6, Cynthia Thompson2, Julie Legault2,3, Nadia Gosselin7,8. 1. The Framingham Heart Study, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. 2. Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, 5400 boul. Gouin Ouest, local J-5135, Montréal, Québec, H4J 1C5, Canada. 3. Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada. 4. Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada. 5. Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Blood and Brain, Université de Caen, Normandie Université, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France. 6. Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humain, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Université de Caen, Normandie Université, Paris Sciences & Lettres Université, École Pratique des Hautes Études, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France. 7. Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, 5400 boul. Gouin Ouest, local J-5135, Montréal, Québec, H4J 1C5, Canada. nadia.gosselin@umontreal.ca. 8. Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada. nadia.gosselin@umontreal.ca.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Obstructive sleep apnea is extremely prevalent in the elderly and may precipitate dementia. We review recent advances on gray and white matter structure in obstructive sleep apnea, the impact of treatment, and potential pathological and neurodegenerative processes underlying brain structural changes. RECENT FINDINGS: Two opposite patterns are observed in neuroimaging studies of obstructive sleep apnea. One may indicate cellular damage (gray matter atrophy, higher white matter hyperintensity burden, lower white matter fractional anisotropy, higher water diffusivities), while the other (gray matter hypertrophy, restricted white matter diffusivities) may reflect transitory responses, such as intracellular edema, reactive gliosis or compensatory structural changes. Treating obstructive sleep apnea could partly reverse these structural changes. Structural alterations related to obstructive sleep apnea may follow a multi-determined biphasic pattern depending on numerous factors (e.g. severity, symptomatology, age) that could tip the scale toward neurodegeneration and need to be investigated by longitudinal studies.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Obstructive sleep apnea is extremely prevalent in the elderly and may precipitate dementia. We review recent advances on gray and white matter structure in obstructive sleep apnea, the impact of treatment, and potential pathological and neurodegenerative processes underlying brain structural changes. RECENT FINDINGS: Two opposite patterns are observed in neuroimaging studies of obstructive sleep apnea. One may indicate cellular damage (gray matter atrophy, higher white matter hyperintensity burden, lower white matter fractional anisotropy, higher water diffusivities), while the other (gray matter hypertrophy, restricted white matter diffusivities) may reflect transitory responses, such as intracellular edema, reactive gliosis or compensatory structural changes. Treating obstructive sleep apnea could partly reverse these structural changes. Structural alterations related to obstructive sleep apnea may follow a multi-determined biphasic pattern depending on numerous factors (e.g. severity, symptomatology, age) that could tip the scale toward neurodegeneration and need to be investigated by longitudinal studies.
Entities:
Keywords:
Gray matter; Magnetic resonance imaging; Obstructive sleep apnea; Sleep-disordered breathing; White matter; White matter hyperintensities
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