Steven Habbous1, Katharina Forster1, Gail Darling1,2,3, Katarzyna Jerzak2,4, Claire M B Holloway1,2,5, Arjun Sahgal2,6, Sunit Das1,2,7. 1. Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 2. Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 3. Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 4. Division of Medical Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 5. Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 6. Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 7. Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although intracranial metastatic disease (IMD) is a frequent complication of cancer, most cancer registries do not capture these cases. Consequently, a data-gap exists, which thwarts system-level quality improvement efforts. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the real-world burden of IMD. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with a non-CNS cancer between 2010 and 2018 were identified from the Ontario Cancer Registry. IMD was identified by scanning hospital administrative databases for cranial irradiation or coding for a secondary brain malignancy (ICD-10 code C793). RESULTS: 25,478 of 601,678 (4.2%) patients with a diagnosis of primary cancer were found to have IMD. The median time from primary cancer diagnosis to IMD was 5.2 (0.7, 15.4) months and varied across disease sites, for example, 2.1 months for lung, 7.3 months for kidney, and 22.8 months for breast. Median survival following diagnosis with IMD was 3.7 months. Lung cancer accounted for 60% of all brain metastases, followed by breast cancer (11%) and melanoma (6%). More advanced stage at diagnosis and younger age were associated with a higher likelihood of developing IMD (P < .0001). IMD was also associated with triple-negative breast cancers and ductal histology (P < .001), and with small-cell histology in patients with lung cancer (P < .0001). The annual incidence of IMD was 3,520, translating to 24.2 per 100,000 persons. CONCLUSION: IMD represents a significant burden in patients with systemic cancers and is a significant cause of cancer mortality. Our findings support measures to actively capture incidents of brain metastasis in cancer registries.
BACKGROUND: Although intracranial metastatic disease (IMD) is a frequent complication of cancer, most cancer registries do not capture these cases. Consequently, a data-gap exists, which thwarts system-level quality improvement efforts. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the real-world burden of IMD. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with a non-CNS cancer between 2010 and 2018 were identified from the Ontario Cancer Registry. IMD was identified by scanning hospital administrative databases for cranial irradiation or coding for a secondary brain malignancy (ICD-10 code C793). RESULTS: 25,478 of 601,678 (4.2%) patients with a diagnosis of primary cancer were found to have IMD. The median time from primary cancer diagnosis to IMD was 5.2 (0.7, 15.4) months and varied across disease sites, for example, 2.1 months for lung, 7.3 months for kidney, and 22.8 months for breast. Median survival following diagnosis with IMD was 3.7 months. Lung cancer accounted for 60% of all brain metastases, followed by breast cancer (11%) and melanoma (6%). More advanced stage at diagnosis and younger age were associated with a higher likelihood of developing IMD (P < .0001). IMD was also associated with triple-negative breast cancers and ductal histology (P < .001), and with small-cell histology in patients with lung cancer (P < .0001). The annual incidence of IMD was 3,520, translating to 24.2 per 100,000 persons. CONCLUSION: IMD represents a significant burden in patients with systemic cancers and is a significant cause of cancer mortality. Our findings support measures to actively capture incidents of brain metastasis in cancer registries.
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