Franco Bilotto1, Matthew Tom Harrison2, Massimiliano De Antoni Migliorati3, Karen M Christie1, David W Rowlings4, Peter R Grace4, Andrew P Smith5, Richard P Rawnsley1, Peter J Thorburn6, Richard J Eckard7. 1. Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 16-20 Mooreville Rd, Burnie, Australia. 2. Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 16-20 Mooreville Rd, Burnie, Australia. Electronic address: matthew.harrison@utas.edu.au. 3. Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Science and Technology Division, Queensland Department of Environment and Science, EcoSciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Rd, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia. 4. Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. 5. School of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia; ICRISAT, Patancheru, 502 324, Telangana, India. 6. CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, Brisbane, Australia. 7. School of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Soil N mineralisation is the process by which organic N is converted into plant-available forms, while soil N immobilisation is the transformation of inorganic soil N into organic matter and microbial biomass, thereafter becoming bio-unavailable to plants. Mechanistic models can be used to explore the contribution of mineralised or immobilised N to pasture growth through simulation of plant, soil and environment interactions driven by management. PURPOSE: Our objectives were (1) to compare the performance of three agro-ecosystems models (APSIM, DayCent and DairyMod) in simulating soil N, pasture biomass and soil water using the same experimental data in three diverse environments (2), to determine if tactical application of N fertiliser in different seasons could be used to leverage seasonal trends in N mineralisation to influence pasture growth and (3), to explore the sensitivity of N mineralisation to changes in N fertilisation, cutting frequency and irrigation rate. KEY RESULTS: Despite considerable variation in model sophistication, no model consistently outperformed the other models with respect to simulation of soil N, shoot biomass or soil water. Differences in the accuracy of simulated soil NH4 and NO3 were greater between sites than between models and overall, all models simulated cumulative N2O well. While tactical N application had immediate effects on NO3, NH4, N mineralisation and pasture growth, no long-term relationship between mineralisation and pasture growth could be discerned. It was also shown that N mineralisation of DayCent was more sensitive to N fertiliser and cutting frequency compared with the other models. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that while superfluous N fertilisation generally stimulates immobilisation and a pulse of N2O emissions, subsequent effects through N mineralisation/immobilisation effects on pasture growth are variable. We suggest that further controlled environment soil incubation research may help separate successive and overlapping cycles of mineralisation and immobilisation that make it difficult to diagnose long-term implications for (and associations with) pasture growth.
BACKGROUND: Soil N mineralisation is the process by which organic N is converted into plant-available forms, while soil N immobilisation is the transformation of inorganic soil N into organic matter and microbial biomass, thereafter becoming bio-unavailable to plants. Mechanistic models can be used to explore the contribution of mineralised or immobilised N to pasture growth through simulation of plant, soil and environment interactions driven by management. PURPOSE: Our objectives were (1) to compare the performance of three agro-ecosystems models (APSIM, DayCent and DairyMod) in simulating soil N, pasture biomass and soil water using the same experimental data in three diverse environments (2), to determine if tactical application of N fertiliser in different seasons could be used to leverage seasonal trends in N mineralisation to influence pasture growth and (3), to explore the sensitivity of N mineralisation to changes in N fertilisation, cutting frequency and irrigation rate. KEY RESULTS: Despite considerable variation in model sophistication, no model consistently outperformed the other models with respect to simulation of soil N, shoot biomass or soil water. Differences in the accuracy of simulated soil NH4 and NO3 were greater between sites than between models and overall, all models simulated cumulative N2O well. While tactical N application had immediate effects on NO3, NH4, N mineralisation and pasture growth, no long-term relationship between mineralisation and pasture growth could be discerned. It was also shown that N mineralisation of DayCent was more sensitive to N fertiliser and cutting frequency compared with the other models. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that while superfluous N fertilisation generally stimulates immobilisation and a pulse of N2O emissions, subsequent effects through N mineralisation/immobilisation effects on pasture growth are variable. We suggest that further controlled environment soil incubation research may help separate successive and overlapping cycles of mineralisation and immobilisation that make it difficult to diagnose long-term implications for (and associations with) pasture growth.
Authors: Rui Yang; Ke Liu; Matthew Tom Harrison; Shah Fahad; Zhuangzhi Wang; Meixue Zhou; Xiaoyan Wang Journal: Front Plant Sci Date: 2022-03-17 Impact factor: 5.753