Yang Yang1,2,3, Wei He1,2, Zi-Rui Wang1,2, Yu-Jiao Wang1,2, Lan-Lan Li1,4,5,6, Jian-Zhong Lu1,4,5,6, Yan Tao1,4,5,6, Jing Zhang1,4,5,6, Sheng-Jun Fu1,4,5,6, Zhi-Ping Wang1,4,5,6, Shan-Hui Liu1,4,5,6. 1. The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China. 2. The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China. 3. Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China. 4. Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China. 5. Key Laboratory of Urological Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China. 6. Institute of Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Central, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The tumor-infiltrating immune cells are closely associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). This article is aimed at determining the composition change of immune cells and immune regulatory factors in GC and normal tissues, depicting their prognosis value in GC, and revealing the relationship between them and GC clinical parameters. METHODS: We used CIBERSORT to calculate the proportion of 22 immune cells in the GC or normal tissues; a t-test was applied to assess the expression difference of immune cells and immune regulatory factors in normal and GC tissues. The relationship of the immune cells, immune regulatory factors, and GC patients' clinical characteristics was assessed by univariate analysis. RESULTS: In this study, we found that the proportion of macrophages increased, while plasma cells and monocytes decreased in GC tissues. In these immune fractions, Tregs and naïve B cells were found to be correlated with GC patients' prognosis. Interestingly, the expression of immune regulatory factors was ambiguous with their classical function in GC tissues. For example, TIM-3, FOXP3, and CMTM6 were overexpressed, while CD27 and PD-1 were underexpressed in GC tissues. We also found that IDO1, PD-1, TIGIT, and TIM-3 were highly expressed in high-grade GC tissues, the HERC2 expression level was related to patients' gender, and the TIGIT expression level was sensitive to targeted therapy. Furthermore, our results suggested that the infiltration of Tregs and naive B cells was strongly correlated with the T stage, radiation therapy, targeted molecular therapy, and the expression levels of TIM-3 and FOXP3 in GC. CONCLUSION: The expression pattern of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immune regulatory factors was systematically depicted in the GC tumor microenvironment, indicating that individualized treatment based on the tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immune regulatory factors may be beneficial to GC patients.
BACKGROUND: The tumor-infiltrating immune cells are closely associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). This article is aimed at determining the composition change of immune cells and immune regulatory factors in GC and normal tissues, depicting their prognosis value in GC, and revealing the relationship between them and GC clinical parameters. METHODS: We used CIBERSORT to calculate the proportion of 22 immune cells in the GC or normal tissues; a t-test was applied to assess the expression difference of immune cells and immune regulatory factors in normal and GC tissues. The relationship of the immune cells, immune regulatory factors, and GC patients' clinical characteristics was assessed by univariate analysis. RESULTS: In this study, we found that the proportion of macrophages increased, while plasma cells and monocytes decreased in GC tissues. In these immune fractions, Tregs and naïve B cells were found to be correlated with GC patients' prognosis. Interestingly, the expression of immune regulatory factors was ambiguous with their classical function in GC tissues. For example, TIM-3, FOXP3, and CMTM6 were overexpressed, while CD27 and PD-1 were underexpressed in GC tissues. We also found that IDO1, PD-1, TIGIT, and TIM-3 were highly expressed in high-grade GC tissues, the HERC2 expression level was related to patients' gender, and the TIGIT expression level was sensitive to targeted therapy. Furthermore, our results suggested that the infiltration of Tregs and naive B cells was strongly correlated with the T stage, radiation therapy, targeted molecular therapy, and the expression levels of TIM-3 and FOXP3 in GC. CONCLUSION: The expression pattern of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immune regulatory factors was systematically depicted in the GC tumor microenvironment, indicating that individualized treatment based on the tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immune regulatory factors may be beneficial to GC patients.
Authors: Florian Schütz; Stefan Stefanovic; Luisa Mayer; Alexandra von Au; Christoph Domschke; Christof Sohn Journal: Oncol Res Treat Date: 2017-03-27 Impact factor: 2.825
Authors: Franziska M Würfel; Christoph Winterhalter; Peter Trenkwalder; Ralph M Wirtz; Wolfgang Würfel Journal: Int J Mol Sci Date: 2019-04-12 Impact factor: 5.923