Małgorzata Tabaszewska1, Jaroslawa Rutkowska2, Łukasz Skoczylas1, Jacek Słupski1, Agata Antoniewska2, Sylwester Smoleń3, Marcin Łukasiewicz4, Damian Baranowski2, Iwona Duda5, Jörg Pietsch6. 1. Department of Plant Product Technology and Nutrition Hygiene, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Balicka st. 122, 30-149 Cracow, Poland. 2. Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska st.159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland. 3. Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Cracow, Poland. 4. Department of Engineering and Machinery for Food Industry, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Balicka st. 122, 30-149 Cracow, Poland. 5. Department of Animal Product Technology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Balicka st. 122, 30-149 Cracow, Poland. 6. Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav, Dresden Technical University, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.
Abstract
The aim of this study, focused on the nutritional value of wild berries, was to determine the contents of macronutrients, profiles of fatty (FAs) and amino acids (AAs), and the contents of selected elements in red arils (RA) of Taxus baccata L., grown in diverse locations in Poland. Protein (1.79-3.80 g/100 g) and carbohydrate (18.43-19.30 g/100 g) contents of RAs were higher than in many cultivated berries. RAs proved to be a source of lipids (1.39-3.55 g/100 g). Ten out of 18 AAs detected in RAs, mostly branched-chain AAs, were essential AAs (EAAs). The EAAs/total AAs ratio approximating were found in animal foods. Lipids of RA contained seven PUFAs, including those from n-3 family (19.20-28.20 g/100 g FA). Polymethylene-interrupted FAs (PMI-FAs), pinolenic 18:3Δ5,9,12; sciadonic 20:3Δ5,11,14, and juniperonic 20:4Δ5,11,14,17, known as unique for seeds of gymnosperms, were found in RAs. RAs may represent a novel dietary source of valuable n-3 PUFAs and the unique PMI-FAs. The established composition of RAs suggests it to become a new source of functional foods, dietary supplements, and valuable ingredients. Because of the tendency to accumulate toxic metals, RAs may be regarded as a valuable indicator of environmental contamination. Thus, the levels of toxic trace elements (Al, Ni, Cd) have to be determined before collecting fruits from natural habitats.
The aim of this study, focused on the nutrin>an class="Chemical">tional value of wild berries, was to determine the contents of macronutrients, profiles of fatty (FAs) and amino acids (AAs), and the contents of selected elements in red arils (RA) of Taxus baccata L., grown in diverse locations in Poland. Protein (1.79-3.80 g/100 g) and carbohydrate (18.43-19.30 g/100 g) contents of RAs were higher than in many cultivated berries. RAs proved to be a source of lipids (1.39-3.55 g/100 g). Ten out of 18 AAs detected in RAs, mostly branched-chain AAs, were essential AAs (EAAs). The EAAs/total AAs ratio approximating were found in animal foods. Lipids of RAcontained seven PUFAs, including those from n-3 family (19.20-28.20 g/100 g FA). Polymethylene-interrupted FAs (PMI-FAs), pinolenic 18:3Δ5,9,12; sciadonic 20:3Δ5,11,14, and juniperonic 20:4Δ5,11,14,17, known as unique for seeds of gymnosperms, were found in RAs. RAs may represent a novel dietary source of valuable n-3 PUFAs and the unique PMI-FAs. The established composition of RAs suggests it to become a new source of functional foods, dietary supplements, and valuable ingredients. Because of the tendency to accumulate toxic metals, RAs may be regarded as a valuable indicator of environmentalcontamination. Thus, the levels of toxic trace elements (Al, Ni, Cd) have to be determined before collecting fruits from natural habitats.
Entities:
Keywords:
Taxus baccata L. red arils; amino acids; elements; nutritional value; polymethylene-interrupted fatty acids; α-linolenic acid
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