Aleksandra Żebrowska1, Barbara Hall2, Anna Stolecka-Warzecha3, Arkadiusz Stanula1, Ewa Sadowska-Krępa1. 1. Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska Street 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland. 2. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. 3. Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Silesia Medical University, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 3-week ω-3 PUFA supplementation on serum adipocytokines (i.e., adiponectin, leptin), neuregulin-4 (NRG4) and erythrocyte omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acid content, as well as the blood antioxidant defense capacity in non-elite endurance runners. METHODS:Twenty-four runners were randomized into two groups: the supplemented group, who received omega free fatty acids extract containing 142 mg of EPA, 267 mg of DHA, 12 mg of vitamin E and 5 µg of vitamin D, each administrated at a dose of six capsules twice a day for three weeks, or the placebo group. Venous blood samples were withdrawn at the start and at the end of the study protocols to estimate serum biochemical variables. RESULTS: A significantly higher ω-3 index and lower AA/EPA ratio was observed after ω-3 PUFA compared to pre-supplementation levels (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). An increase in baseline adiponectin and NRG4 levels, as well as a decrease of leptin concentration and lipid profile improvement, were observed in subjects after a ω-3 PUFA diet. The increased ω-3 index had a significant effect on TNFα levels and a serum marker of antioxidant defense. CONCLUSIONS: The ω-3 PUFA extract with added vitamin E and D supplementation may have a positive effect on the function of the adipocyte tissue, as well as the ability to prevent cardiovascular complications in athletes.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 3-week ω-3 PUFA supplementation on serum adipocytokines (i.e., adiponectin, leptin), neuregulin-4 (NRG4) and erythrocyte omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acid content, as well as the blood antioxidant defense capacity in non-elite endurance runners. METHODS: Twenty-four runners were randomized into two groups: the supplemented group, who receivedomega free fatty acids extract containing 142 mg of EPA, 267 mg of DHA, 12 mg of vitamin E and 5 µg of vitamin D, each administrated at a dose of six capsules twice a day for three weeks, or the placebo group. Venous blood samples were withdrawn at the start and at the end of the study protocols to estimate serum biochemical variables. RESULTS: A significantly higher ω-3 index and lower AA/EPAratio was observed after ω-3 PUFA compared to pre-supplementation levels (p < 0.001 andp < 0.001, respectively). An increase in baseline adiponectin andNRG4 levels, as well as a decrease of leptin concentration andlipid profile improvement, were observed in subjects after a ω-3 PUFAdiet. The increased ω-3 index had a significant effect on TNFα levels and a serum marker of antioxidant defense. CONCLUSIONS: The ω-3 PUFA extract with addedvitamin E andD supplementation may have a positive effect on the function of the adipocyte tissue, as well as the ability to prevent cardiovascular complications in athletes.