Shintaro Maeno1, Hiroya Nishimura1, Yasuhiro Tanizawa2, Leon Dicks3, Masanori Arita2,4, Akihito Endo5. 1. Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri, Hokkaido, 099-2493, Japan. 2. Department of Informatics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan. 3. Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa. 4. RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan. 5. Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri, Hokkaido, 099-2493, Japan. a3endou@nodai.ac.jp.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) found in D-fructose rich niches prefer D-fructose over D-glucose as a growth substrate. They need electron acceptors for growth on D-glucose. The organisms share carbohydrate metabolic properties. Fructobacillus spp., Apilactobacillus kunkeei, and Apilactobacillus apinorum are members of this unique group. Here we studied the fructophilic characteristics of recently described species Apilactobacillus micheneri, Apilactobacillus quenuiae, and Apilactobacillus timberlakei. RESULTS: The three species prefer D-fructose over D-glucose and only metabolize D-glucose in the presence of electron acceptors. The genomic characteristics of the three species, i.e. small genomes and thus a low number of coding DNA sequences, few genes involved in carbohydrate transport and metabolism, and partial deletion of adhE gene, are characteristic of FLAB. The three species thus are novel members of FLAB. Reduction of genes involved in carbohydrate transport and metabolism in accordance with reduction of genome size were the common characteristics of the family Lactobacillaceae, but FLAB markedly reduced the gene numbers more than other species in the family. Pan-genome analysis of genes involved in metabolism displayed a lack of specific carbohydrate metabolic pathways in FLAB, leading to a unique cluster separation. CONCLUSIONS: The present study expanded FLAB group. Fructose-rich environments have induced similar evolution in phylogenetically distant FLAB species. These are examples of convergent evolution of LAB.
BACKGROUND: Fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) found in D-fructose rich niches prefer D-fructose over D-glucose as a growth substrate. They need electron acceptors for growth on D-glucose. The organisms share carbohydrate metabolic properties. Fructobacillus spp., Apilactobacillus kunkeei, and Apilactobacillus apinorum are members of this unique group. Here we studied the fructophilic characteristics of recently described species Apilactobacillus micheneri, Apilactobacillus quenuiae, and Apilactobacillus timberlakei. RESULTS: The three species prefer D-fructose over D-glucose and only metabolize D-glucose in the presence of electron acceptors. The genomic characteristics of the three species, i.e. small genomes and thus a low number of coding DNA sequences, few genes involved in carbohydrate transport and metabolism, and partial deletion of adhE gene, are characteristic of FLAB. The three species thus are novel members of FLAB. Reduction of genes involved in carbohydrate transport and metabolism in accordance with reduction of genome size were the common characteristics of the family Lactobacillaceae, but FLAB markedly reduced the gene numbers more than other species in the family. Pan-genome analysis of genes involved in metabolism displayed a lack of specific carbohydrate metabolic pathways in FLAB, leading to a unique cluster separation. CONCLUSIONS: The present study expanded FLAB group. Fructose-rich environments have induced similar evolution in phylogenetically distant FLAB species. These are examples of convergent evolution of LAB.
Authors: Akihito Endo; Shintaro Maeno; Yasuhiro Tanizawa; Wolfgang Kneifel; Masanori Arita; Leon Dicks; Seppo Salminen Journal: Appl Environ Microbiol Date: 2018-09-17 Impact factor: 4.792
Authors: Nicola K Petty; Richard Bulgin; Valerie F Crepin; Ana M Cerdeño-Tárraga; Gunnar N Schroeder; Michael A Quail; Nicola Lennard; Craig Corton; Andrew Barron; Louise Clark; Ana L Toribio; Julian Parkhill; Gordon Dougan; Gad Frankel; Nicholas R Thomson Journal: J Bacteriol Date: 2009-11-06 Impact factor: 3.490
Authors: Eduardo L Almeida; Celine Ribiere; Werner Frei; Denis Kenny; Mary F Coffey; Paul W O'Toole Journal: Microb Ecol Date: 2022-03-14 Impact factor: 4.552