Xin Hu1, Yong Lin2,3, Gangjian Qin4, Lanjing Zhang2,5,6,7. 1. Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. 2. Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA. 3. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA. 4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. 5. Department of Pathology, Princeton Medical Center of Princeton, Plainsboro, New Jersey, USA. 6. Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA. 7. Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Overall mortality among U.S. adults has been stable in past years; however, racial disparity influenced 10 leading causes of death or age-specific mortality in Blacks or African Americans. Unfortunately, the trends in sex- and race-adjusted age-standardized cause-specific mortality are poorly understood. METHODS: We here aimed to identify the underlying causes of death (UCD) with sex- and race-adjusted, and age-standardized mortality that has changed in recent years. We extracted the data of UCD from the Multiple Cause of Death database of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Multivariable log-linear regression models were used to estimate trends in sex- and race-adjusted, and age-standardized mortality of UCD during 2013-2017. RESULTS: A total of 31,029,133 deaths were identified. Among the list of 113 UCDs compiled by the CDC, there were 29 UCDs exhibiting an upward trend, 33 UCDs exhibiting a downward trend and 56 UCDs with no significant trends. The 2 UCDs with the largest annual percent change were both nutrition related (annual percent change [APC] = 17.73, 95% CI [15.13-20.33] for malnutrition, and APC = 17.49, 95% CI [14.94-20.04] for Nutritional deficiencies), followed by accidental poisoning and exposure to noxious substances. The 4 UCDs with the largest decreasing APC were viral hepatitis (APC = -11.71), chronic and unspecified bronchitis (APC = -8.26), emphysema (APC = -7.11) and human immunodeficiency virus disease (APC = -7.10). CONCLUSIONS: This study thus reports UCDs with changing mortality in recent years after sex- and race-adjustments and age-standardizations. More effort and resources should focus on understanding, preventing and controling the mortality linked to these UCDs. Continuous monitoring of mortality trends is recommended.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Overall mortality among U.S. adults has been stable in past years; however, racial disparity influenced 10 leading causes of death or age-specific mortality in Blacks or African Americans. Unfortunately, the trends in sex- and race-adjusted age-standardized cause-specific mortality are poorly understood. METHODS: We here aimed to identify the underlying causes of death (UCD) with sex- and race-adjusted, and age-standardized mortality that has changed in recent years. We extracted the data of UCD from the Multiple Cause of Death database of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Multivariable log-linear regression models were used to estimate trends in sex- and race-adjusted, and age-standardized mortality of UCD during 2013-2017. RESULTS: A total of 31,029,133 deaths were identified. Among the list of 113 UCDs compiled by the CDC, there were 29 UCDs exhibiting an upward trend, 33 UCDs exhibiting a downward trend and 56 UCDs with no significant trends. The 2 UCDs with the largest annual percent change were both nutrition related (annual percent change [APC] = 17.73, 95% CI [15.13-20.33] for malnutrition, and APC = 17.49, 95% CI [14.94-20.04] for Nutritional deficiencies), followed by accidental poisoning and exposure to noxious substances. The 4 UCDs with the largest decreasing APC were viral hepatitis (APC = -11.71), chronic and unspecified bronchitis (APC = -8.26), emphysema (APC = -7.11) and human immunodeficiency virus disease (APC = -7.10). CONCLUSIONS: This study thus reports UCDs with changing mortality in recent years after sex- and race-adjustments and age-standardizations. More effort and resources should focus on understanding, preventing and controling the mortality linked to these UCDs. Continuous monitoring of mortality trends is recommended.
Entities:
Keywords:
Causes of death; Population study; Racial disparity; Trend analysis; US mortality
Authors: Hude Quan; Bing Li; L Duncan Saunders; Gerry A Parsons; Carolyn I Nilsson; Arif Alibhai; William A Ghali Journal: Health Serv Res Date: 2008-08 Impact factor: 3.402
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