Dario Tuccinardi1, Nikolaos Perakakis2, Olivia M Farr2, Jagriti Upadhyay2, Christos S Mantzoros3. 1. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, SL-419, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy. 2. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, SL-419, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. 3. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, SL-419, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. Electronic address: cmantzor@bidmc.harvard.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND&AIMS: To assess whether the concentrations of circulating Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) change after walnut consumption and, whether these changes are associated with alterations in markers of insulin resistance and food preferences. METHODS: In a crossover, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, ten subjects participated in two 5-day inpatient study admissions, during which they had a smoothie containing 48 g walnuts or a macronutrient-matched placebo smoothie without nuts every morning. Between the two phases there was a 1-month washout period. RESULTS: Fasting valine and isoleucine levels were reduced (p = .047 and p < .001) and beta-hydroxybutyrate levels were increased after 5-days of walnut consumption compared to placebo (p = .023). Fasting valine and isoleucine correlated with HOMA-IR while on walnut (r = 0.709, p = .032 and r = 0.679, p = .044). The postprandial area under the curve (AUC) of leucine in response to the smoothie consumption on day 5 was higher after walnut vs placebo (p = .023) and correlated negatively with the percentage of Kcal from carbohydrate and protein consumed during an ad libitum buffet meal consumed the same day for lunch (r = -0.661, p = .037; r = -0.628, p = .05, respectively). CONCLUSION: The fasting and postabsorptive profiles of BCAAs are differentially affected by walnut consumption. The reduction in fasting valine and isoleucine may contribute to the longer-term benefits of walnuts on insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk and mortality, whereas the increase in postabsorptive profiles with walnuts may influence food preference. TRIAL REGISTRATION CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: Number: NCT02673281, Website: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02673281.
BACKGROUND&AIMS: To assess whether the concentrations of circulating Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) change after walnut consumption and, whether these changes are associated with alterations in markers of insulin resistance and food preferences. METHODS: In a crossover, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, ten subjects participated in two 5-day inpatient study admissions, during which they had a smoothie containing 48 g walnuts or a macronutrient-matched placebo smoothie without nuts every morning. Between the two phases there was a 1-month washout period. RESULTS: Fasting valine and isoleucine levels were reduced (p = .047 and p < .001) and beta-hydroxybutyrate levels were increased after 5-days of walnut consumption compared to placebo (p = .023). Fasting valine and isoleucine correlated with HOMA-IR while on walnut (r = 0.709, p = .032 and r = 0.679, p = .044). The postprandial area under the curve (AUC) of leucine in response to the smoothie consumption on day 5 was higher after walnut vs placebo (p = .023) and correlated negatively with the percentage of Kcal from carbohydrate and protein consumed during an ad libitum buffet meal consumed the same day for lunch (r = -0.661, p = .037; r = -0.628, p = .05, respectively). CONCLUSION: The fasting and postabsorptive profiles of BCAAs are differentially affected by walnut consumption. The reduction in fasting valine and isoleucine may contribute to the longer-term benefits of walnuts on insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk and mortality, whereas the increase in postabsorptive profiles with walnuts may influence food preference. TRIAL REGISTRATION CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: Number: NCT02673281, Website: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02673281.
Authors: Konstantinos N Aronis; Maria T Vamvini; John P Chamberland; Laura L Sweeney; Aoife M Brennan; Faidon Magkos; Christos S Mantzoros Journal: Metabolism Date: 2011-11-09 Impact factor: 8.694
Authors: Nicholas Heeley; Peter Kirwan; Tamana Darwish; Marion Arnaud; Mark L Evans; Florian T Merkle; Frank Reimann; Fiona M Gribble; Clemence Blouet Journal: Mol Metab Date: 2018-02-07 Impact factor: 7.422