Christopher G S Gilmartin1, Zoya Dowd2, Alasdair P J Parker3, Pooja Harijan4. 1. University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 111, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK. Electronic address: c.gilmartin@doctors.org.uk. 2. Department of Paediatric Neurology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK. Electronic address: zoya.dowd@addenbrookes.nhs.uk. 3. University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 111, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK. Electronic address: alasdair.parker@addenbrookes.nhs.uk. 4. Department of Paediatric Neurology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK. Electronic address: pooja.harijan@addenbrookes.nhs.uk.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Cannabidiol is efficacious as an adjunctive treatment in children with epilepsy associated with Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes. As its role is currently adjunctive, we reviewed the interactions of cannabidiol with other antiseizure medications (ASMs). METHODS: A search of Cochrane, Pubmed and Embase databases from January 2015 to April 2020 was performed. All original research papers discussing interactions between cannabidiol and ASMs were included. Bibliographies of review articles were searched to identify further papers. Adverse events and side effects were excluded. RESULTS: Cannabidiol interacts with ASMs through both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms. Thirty studies were identified (eighteen observational cohort studies, two randomised-control trials, three case reports/series, three animal studies, two briefing reports, an analysis of cohort data and a clinical trial simulation). There is potential for pharmacokinetic interactions between CBD and brivaracetam, clobazam, eslicarbazepine, lacosamide, gabapentin, oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital, potassium bromide, pregabalin, rufinamide, sirolimus/everolimus, stiripentol, tiagabine, topiramate and zonisamide. Pharmacodynamic interactions were identified for clobazam, valproate and levetiracetam. An animal study identified that the brain concentration of ASMs may be altered while the serum concentration remains the same. CONCLUSION: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions exist between cannabidiol and ASMs. The cytochrome p450 system in particular has been implicated in pharmacokinetic interactions, although not exclusively. The existing literature is limited for some ASMs by studies having relatively small cohorts. As increasing numbers of patients use cannabidiol, specialists need to monitor closely for interactions clinically and with blood levels when required. Crown
OBJECTIVE:Cannabidiol is efficacious as an adjunctive treatment in children with epilepsy associated with Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes. As its role is currently adjunctive, we reviewed the interactions of cannabidiol with other antiseizure medications (ASMs). METHODS: A search of Cochrane, Pubmed and Embase databases from January 2015 to April 2020 was performed. All original research papers discussing interactions between cannabidiol and ASMs were included. Bibliographies of review articles were searched to identify further papers. Adverse events and side effects were excluded. RESULTS:Cannabidiol interacts with ASMs through both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms. Thirty studies were identified (eighteen observational cohort studies, two randomised-control trials, three case reports/series, three animal studies, two briefing reports, an analysis of cohort data and a clinical trial simulation). There is potential for pharmacokinetic interactions between CBD and brivaracetam, clobazam, eslicarbazepine, lacosamide, gabapentin, oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital, potassium bromide, pregabalin, rufinamide, sirolimus/everolimus, stiripentol, tiagabine, topiramate and zonisamide. Pharmacodynamic interactions were identified for clobazam, valproate and levetiracetam. An animal study identified that the brain concentration of ASMs may be altered while the serum concentration remains the same. CONCLUSION: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions exist between cannabidiol and ASMs. The cytochrome p450 system in particular has been implicated in pharmacokinetic interactions, although not exclusively. The existing literature is limited for some ASMs by studies having relatively small cohorts. As increasing numbers of patients use cannabidiol, specialists need to monitor closely for interactions clinically and with blood levels when required. Crown
Authors: Joshua T Dearborn; Hemanth R Nelvagal; Nicholas R Rensing; Keigo Takahashi; Stephanie M Hughes; Thomas M Wishart; Jonathan D Cooper; Michael Wong; Mark S Sands Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2022-07-04 Impact factor: 4.996