Haruko Takeuchi1, S M Tafsir Hasan2, Khalequ Zaman3, Sayaka Takanashi4,5, Samar Kumar Hore6, Sultana Yeasmin2, Shaikh Meshbahuddin Ahmad3,7, Md Jahangir Alam3,8, Masamine Jimba9, Tsutomu Iwata10, Md Alfazal Khan2. 1. Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo City, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. htakeuchi-tky@umin.net. 2. Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. 3. Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. 4. Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo City, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. 5. Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku City, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan. 6. Organization for Population Health Environment & Nutrition, Adilpur Shastitala, Taltala Kheyaghat Road, Abhaynagar, Jashore 7460, Bangladesh. 7. Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. 8. Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia. 9. Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo City, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. 10. The Graduate School of Humanities and Life Sciences, Tokyo Kasei University, 1-18-1 Kaga, Itabashi City, Tokyo 173-8602, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although the prevalence of bronchial asthma has been increasing worldwide since the 1970's, the prevalence among 5-year-old children was significantly lower in 2016 than in 2001 in rural Bangladesh. We aimed to determine whether the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) combination vaccination (without booster) started in 2009 contributed to this decrease. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted among 1658 randomly selected 5-year-old children from Matlab, Bangladesh. Data on wheezing were collected using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. The vaccination data were collected from the records of the Matlab Health and Demographic Surveillance System, while data on pneumonia were obtained from the clinical records of Matlab Hospital. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated for the risk for wheezing. The reduction rate was calculated to determine the impact of the vaccination on pneumonia history between the present study and our previous study conducted in 2001 by using the following formula: (percentage of pneumonia cases in 2001 - percentage of pneumonia cases in 2016)/(percentage of pneumonia cases in 2001) times 100 (%). RESULTS: Hib combination vaccination was a protecting factor against wheezing (aOR: 0.50; p = 0.010), while pneumonia at 1, 2, 3-4 years of age were risk factors for wheezing (aOR: 2.86, 3.19, 2.86; p = 0.046, 0.030, 0.030, respectively). The history of pneumonia was significantly lower in the 2016 study participants than those in 2001 both in the overall cohort and the wheezing group (paired t-test: p = 0.012, p < 0.001, respectively). Whereas the history of pneumonia decreased when the children grew older in the 2001 overall cohort, it peaked at the age of 2 years in 2016 wheezing group. The reduction rate decreased when children grew older in both the overall cohort and the wheezing group, however, it decreased faster in the wheezing group. CONCLUSIONS: Hib combination vaccination was a protective factor against wheezing in 0-year-old children. However, the effects of vaccination might have attenuated at the ages of 1-4 years, because no booster dose was administered. The addition of a booster dose might further decrease the prevalence of asthma and wheezing.
BACKGROUND: Although the prevalence of bronchial asthma has been increasing worldwide since the 1970's, the prevalence among 5-year-old children was significantly lower in 2016 than in 2001 in rural Bangladesh. We aimed to determine whether the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) combination vaccination (without booster) started in 2009 contributed to this decrease. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted among 1658 randomly selected 5-year-old children from Matlab, Bangladesh. Data on wheezing were collected using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. The vaccination data were collected from the records of the Matlab Health and Demographic Surveillance System, while data on pneumonia were obtained from the clinical records of Matlab Hospital. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated for the risk for wheezing. The reduction rate was calculated to determine the impact of the vaccination on pneumonia history between the present study and our previous study conducted in 2001 by using the following formula: (percentage of pneumonia cases in 2001 - percentage of pneumonia cases in 2016)/(percentage of pneumonia cases in 2001) times 100 (%). RESULTS: Hib combination vaccination was a protecting factor against wheezing (aOR: 0.50; p = 0.010), while pneumonia at 1, 2, 3-4 years of age were risk factors for wheezing (aOR: 2.86, 3.19, 2.86; p = 0.046, 0.030, 0.030, respectively). The history of pneumonia was significantly lower in the 2016 study participants than those in 2001 both in the overall cohort and the wheezing group (paired t-test: p = 0.012, p < 0.001, respectively). Whereas the history of pneumonia decreased when the children grew older in the 2001 overall cohort, it peaked at the age of 2 years in 2016 wheezing group. The reduction rate decreased when children grew older in both the overall cohort and the wheezing group, however, it decreased faster in the wheezing group. CONCLUSIONS: Hib combination vaccination was a protective factor against wheezing in 0-year-old children. However, the effects of vaccination might have attenuated at the ages of 1-4 years, because no booster dose was administered. The addition of a booster dose might further decrease the prevalence of asthma and wheezing.
Entities:
Keywords:
Administration and dosage; Asthma; Bangladesh; Child; Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine; Pneumonia; Protective factor
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