Alginate as Dispersing Agent for Compounding Natural Rubber with High Loading Microfibrillated Cellulose.

Natural rubber (NR) reinforced with high loading of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) was fabricated in the presence of sodium alginate as a thickening and dispersing agent in NR latex. The tensile strength and Young's moduli of the 50% wt. MFC loading-NR composites were 13.6 and 1085.7 MPa, which were about 11.3- and 329-times enhanced compared with those of the neat NR film. The maximum elongation at 313.3% was obtained from 30% MFC loading, which was a 3.3-fold increase of that of the NR film. The thermal stability of MFC-NR films was slightly reduced, while the glass transition temperature remained unchanged at -64 °C. The MFC-NR films exhibited high water adsorption ability, toluene resistance, and biodegradability.