Bidirectional relationships between weight stigma and pediatric obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study for the first time quantified concurrent and bidirectional relationships between weight stigma and weight status in children, with age and gender as moderators. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO for studies examined associations between weight stigma and weight status among children aged 6-18 years. Twenty-five studies (20 cross-sectional studies and five longitudinal studies) from six countries with 101,036 participants were included in review, and 18 were included in meta-analysis. Weight and height were self-reported in nine studies, otherwise objectively measured. With data from 17 cross-sectional studies and baseline portions of four longitudinal studies, meta-analysis showed weight stigma and overweight/obesity were associated (pooled OR = 3.12, 95% CI: 2.71, 3.60), they were also associated across age and gender. Body mass index (BMI) was associated with greater weight stigma (pooled r = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.43). Age modified such association. Weight stigma predicted increased BMI from three longitudinal studies (pooled β = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.78, 1.45); another two longitudinal studies reported BMI predicted greater weight stigma. Data were inadequate for age- or gender-stratified analyses. Findings supported positive concurrent and bidirectional relationships between weight stigma and weight status. Timely obesity and weight stigma interventions to protect children well-being are needed.