Histopathology of anastomotic stenosis after total anomalous pulmonary vein connection.

We report a case of a 10-month-old girl who was diagnosed with pulmonary vein stenosis after total anomalous pulmonary vein connection repair and underwent release of an anastomotic stenosis. Histopathological examinations of the resected anastomotic tissue revealed intimal hyperplasia at the anastomotic site. Predominant lesion cells were identified as myofibroblasts and had the characteristics of fibroblasts and synthetic smooth muscle cells. These cells could be a useful target for preventing anastomotic stenosis after total anomalous pulmonary vein connection repair.