Taito Kitano1, Mao Kitano2, Carsten Krueger1, Hassan Jamal1, Hatem Al Rawahi1, Rachelle Lee-Krueger3, Rose Doulin Sun1, Sandra Isabel1, Marta Taida García-Ascaso1, Hiromi Hibino4, Bettina Camara5, Marc Isabel6, Leanna Cho1, Helen E Groves1, Pierre-Philippe Piché-Renaud1, Michael Kossov7, Ikuho Kou8, Ilsu Jon9, Ana C Blanchard1, Nao Matsuda10, Quenby Mahood11, Anupma Wadhwa1, Ari Bitnun1, Shaun K Morris1,12. 1. Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 2. Mikage Child Dental Clinic, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. 3. Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. 4. McEwen Stem Cell Institute, Universal Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. 5. Faculty of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 6. Département de mathématique, Faculté des sciences et génie, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, Québec, QC, Canada. 7. Department Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Division of Medical Microbiology, The Hospital for Sick Children at University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 8. Kaji Dental Clinic, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. 9. Utsunomiya Kyoritsu Clinic, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan. 10. Alpaca Child Dental Clinic, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan. 11. Hospital Library and Archives, Learning Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children at University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 12. Centre for Global Child Health and Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The overall global impact of COVID-19 in children and regional variability in pediatric outcomes are presently unknown. METHODS: To evaluate the magnitude of global COVID-19 death and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in children aged 0-19 years, a systematic review was conducted for articles and national reports as of December 7, 2020. This systematic review is registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020179696). RESULTS: We reviewed 16,027 articles as well as 225 national reports from 216 countries. Among the 3,788 global pediatric COVID-19 deaths, 3,394 (91.5%) deaths were reported from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), while 83.5% of pediatric population from all included countries were from LMIC. The pediatric deaths/1,000,000 children and case fatality rate (CFR) were significantly higher in LMIC than in high-income countries (HIC) (2.77 in LMIC vs 1.32 in HIC; p < 0.001 and 0.24% in LMIC vs 0.01% in HIC; p < 0.001, respectively). The ICU admission/1,000,000 children was 18.80 and 1.48 in HIC and LMIC, respectively (p < 0.001). The highest deaths/1,000,000 children and CFR were in infants < 1 year old (10.03 and 0.58% in the world, 5.39 and 0.07% in HIC and 10.98 and 1.30% in LMIC, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights that there may be a larger impact of pediatric COVID-19 fatality in LMICs compared to HICs.
BACKGROUND: The overall global impact of COVID-19 in children and regional variability in pediatric outcomes are presently unknown. METHODS: To evaluate the magnitude of global COVID-19death and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in children aged 0-19 years, a systematic review was conducted for articles and national reports as of December 7, 2020. This systematic review is registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020179696). RESULTS: We reviewed 16,027 articles as well as 225 national reports from 216 countries. Among the 3,788 global pediatric COVID-19deaths, 3,394 (91.5%) deaths were reported from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), while 83.5% of pediatric population from all included countries were from LMIC. The pediatric deaths/1,000,000children and case fatality rate (CFR) were significantly higher in LMIC than in high-income countries (HIC) (2.77 in LMIC vs 1.32 in HIC; p < 0.001 and 0.24% in LMIC vs 0.01% in HIC; p < 0.001, respectively). The ICU admission/1,000,000 children was 18.80 and 1.48 in HIC and LMIC, respectively (p < 0.001). The highest deaths/1,000,000children and CFR were in infants < 1 year old (10.03 and 0.58% in the world, 5.39 and 0.07% in HIC and 10.98 and 1.30% in LMIC, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights that there may be a larger impact of pediatric COVID-19 fatality in LMICs compared to HICs.
Authors: Madeleine W Sumner; Alicia Kanngiesser; Kosar Lotfali-Khani; Nidhi Lodha; Diane Lorenzetti; Anna L Funk; Stephen B Freedman Journal: Front Pediatr Date: 2022-06-09 Impact factor: 3.569
Authors: L Ryan; Frans B Plötz; Agnes van den Hoogen; Jos M Latour; Marina Degtyareva; Maya Keuning; Claus Klingenberg; Irwin K M Reiss; Eric Giannoni; Charles Roehr; Christopher Gale; Eleanor J Molloy Journal: Pediatr Res Date: 2021-12-28 Impact factor: 3.953
Authors: Jean B Nachega; Nadia A Sam-Agudu; Rhoderick N Machekano; Helena Rabie; Marieke M van der Zalm; Andrew Redfern; Angela Dramowski; Natasha O'Connell; Michel Tshiasuma Pipo; Marc B Tshilanda; Liliane Nsuli Byamungu; Refiloe Masekela; Prakash Mohan Jeena; Ashendri Pillay; Onesmus W Gachuno; John Kinuthia; Daniel Katuashi Ishoso; Emmanuella Amoako; Elizabeth Agyare; Evans K Agbeno; Charles Martyn-Dickens; Justice Sylverken; Anthony Enimil; Aishatu Mohammed Jibril; Asara M Abdullahi; Oma Amadi; Umar Mohammed Umar; Lovemore Nyasha Sigwadhi; Michel P Hermans; John Otshudiema Otokoye; Placide Mbala-Kingebeni; Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum; Alimuddin Zumla; Nelson K Sewankambo; Hellen Tukamuhebwa Aanyu; Philippa Musoke; Fatima Suleman; Prisca Adejumo; Emilia V Noormahomed; Richard J Deckelbaum; Mary Glenn Fowler; Léon Tshilolo; Gerald Smith; Edward J Mills; Lawal W Umar; Mark J Siedner; Mariana Kruger; Philip J Rosenthal; John W Mellors; Lynne M Mofenson Journal: JAMA Pediatr Date: 2022-03-07 Impact factor: 26.796