Importance: Maternally derived antibodies are a key element of neonatal immunity. Understanding the dynamics of maternal antibody responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during pregnancy and subsequent transplacental antibody transfer can inform neonatal management as well as maternal vaccination strategies. Objective: To assess the association between maternal and neonatal SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody concentrations. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study took place at Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. A total of 1714 women delivered at the study site between April 9 and August 8, 2020. Maternal and cord blood sera were available for antibody measurement for 1471 mother/newborn dyads. Exposures: SARS-CoV-2. Main Outcomes and Measures: IgG and IgM antibodies to the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibody concentrations and transplacental transfer ratios were analyzed in combination with demographic and clinical data. Results: The study cohort consisted of 1714 parturient women, with median (interquartile range) age of 32 (28-35) years, of whom 450 (26.3%) identified as Black/non-Hispanic, 879 (51.3%) as White/non-Hispanic, 203 (11.8%) as Hispanic, 126 (7.3%) as Asian, and 56 (3.3%) as other race/ethnicity. Among 1471 mother/newborn dyads for which matched sera were available, SARS-CoV-2 IgG and/or IgM antibodies were detected in 83 of 1471 women (6%; 95% CI, 5%-7%) at the time of delivery, and IgG was detected in cord blood from 72 of 83 newborns (87%; 95% CI, 78%-93%). IgM was not detected in any cord blood specimen, and antibodies were not detected in any infant born to a seronegative mother. Eleven infants born to seropositive mothers were seronegative: 5 of 11 (45%) were born to mothers with IgM antibody only, and 6 of 11 (55%) were born to mothers with significantly lower IgG concentrations compared with those found among mothers of seropositive infants. Cord blood IgG concentrations were positively correlated with maternal IgG concentrations (r = 0.886; P < .001). Placental transfer ratios more than 1.0 were observed among women with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections as well as those with mild, moderate, and severe coronavirus disease 2019. Transfer ratios increased with increasing time between onset of maternal infection and delivery. Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study, maternal IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were transferred across the placenta after asymptomatic as well as symptomatic infection during pregnancy. Cord blood antibody concentrations correlated with maternal antibody concentrations and with duration between onset of infection and delivery. Our findings demonstrate the potential for maternally derived SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies to provide neonatal protection from coronavirus disease 2019.
Importance: Maternally derived antibodies are a key element of neonatal immunity. Understanding the dynamics of maternal antibody responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during pregnancy and subsequent transplacental antibody transfer can inform neonatal management as well as maternal vaccination strategies. Objective: To assess the association between maternal and neonatal SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody concentrations. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study took place at Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. A total of 1714 women delivered at the study site between April 9 and August 8, 2020. Maternal and cord blood sera were available for antibody measurement for 1471 mother/newborn dyads. Exposures: SARS-CoV-2. Main Outcomes and Measures: IgG and IgM antibodies to the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibody concentrations and transplacental transfer ratios were analyzed in combination with demographic and clinical data. Results: The study cohort consisted of 1714 parturient women, with median (interquartile range) age of 32 (28-35) years, of whom 450 (26.3%) identified as Black/non-Hispanic, 879 (51.3%) as White/non-Hispanic, 203 (11.8%) as Hispanic, 126 (7.3%) as Asian, and 56 (3.3%) as other race/ethnicity. Among 1471 mother/newborn dyads for which matched sera were available, SARS-CoV-2 IgG and/or IgM antibodies were detected in 83 of 1471 women (6%; 95% CI, 5%-7%) at the time of delivery, and IgG was detected in cord blood from 72 of 83 newborns (87%; 95% CI, 78%-93%). IgM was not detected in any cord blood specimen, and antibodies were not detected in any infant born to a seronegative mother. Eleven infants born to seropositive mothers were seronegative: 5 of 11 (45%) were born to mothers with IgM antibody only, and 6 of 11 (55%) were born to mothers with significantly lower IgG concentrations compared with those found among mothers of seropositive infants. Cord blood IgG concentrations were positively correlated with maternal IgG concentrations (r = 0.886; P < .001). Placental transfer ratios more than 1.0 were observed among women with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections as well as those with mild, moderate, and severe coronavirus disease 2019. Transfer ratios increased with increasing time between onset of maternal infection and delivery. Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study, maternal IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were transferred across the placenta after asymptomatic as well as symptomatic infection during pregnancy. Cord blood antibody concentrations correlated with maternal antibody concentrations and with duration between onset of infection and delivery. Our findings demonstrate the potential for maternally derived SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies to provide neonatal protection from coronavirus disease 2019.
Authors: Yusuke Matsui; Lin Li; Mary Prahl; Arianna G Cassidy; Nida Ozarslan; Yarden Golan; Veronica J Gonzalez; Christine Y Lin; Unurzul Jigmeddagva; Megan A Chidboy; Mauricio Montano; Taha Y Taha; Mir M Khalid; Bharath Sreekumar; Jennifer M Hayashi; Pei-Yi Chen; G Renuka Kumar; Lakshmi Warrier; Alan Hb Wu; Dongli Song; Priya Jegatheesan; Daljeet S Rai; Balaji Govindaswami; Jordan Needens; Monica Rincon; Leslie Myatt; Ifeyinwa V Asiodu; Valerie J Flaherman; Yalda Afshar; Vanessa L Jacoby; Amy P Murtha; Joshua F Robinson; Melanie Ott; Warner C Greene; Stephanie L Gaw Journal: JCI Insight Date: 2022-06-22
Authors: Dongli Song; Mary Prahl; Stephanie L Gaw; Sudha Rani Narasimhan; Daljeet S Rai; Angela Huang; Claudia V Flores; Christine Y Lin; Unurzul Jigmeddagva; Alan Wu; Lakshmi Warrier; Justine Levan; Catherine B T Nguyen; Perri Callaway; Lila Farrington; Gonzalo R Acevedo; Veronica J Gonzalez; Anna Vaaben; Phuong Nguyen; Elda Atmosfera; Constance Marleau; Christina Anderson; Sonya Misra; Monica Stemmle; Maria Cortes; Jennifer McAuley; Nicole Metz; Rupalee Patel; Matthew Nudelman; Susan Abraham; James Byrne; Priya Jegatheesan Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2021-07-07 Impact factor: 2.692
Authors: Arnaud G L'Huillier; Monica I Ardura; Abanti Chaudhuri; Lara Danziger-Isakov; Daniel Dulek; Michael Green; Marian G Michaels; Klara M Posfay-Barbe; Luciola Vàsquez; Christian Benden Journal: Pediatr Transplant Date: 2021-06-02
Authors: Eleanor C Semmes; Shuk Hang Li; Jillian H Hurst; Zidanyue Yang; Donna Niedzwiecki; Genevieve G Fouda; Joanne Kurtzberg; Kyle M Walsh; Sallie R Permar Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2022-04-09 Impact factor: 20.999